Attainable yield achieved for plastic film-mulched maize in response to nitrogen deficit |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;2. Center for Resource, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;1. School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Department of Soil Science of Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, China;1. Land Resource Management Unit, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Via Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy;2. Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Deák F. u. 16, Keszthely 8360, Hungary;1. College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;2. Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of the Ministry of Education, United Center for Ecology Research and Bioresource Exploitation in Western China, Ningxia University. Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;3. School of Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Shangdong, Qingdao 266071, China;4. Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan;5. Department of PBG, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan;1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;2. Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China;3. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;4. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China;5. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China;6. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;7. Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;8. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada;1. Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen 041000, P.R.China;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA;3. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA;4. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R.China;1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China;2. Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Devon, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK;3. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan;4. Zhongshan Torch polytechnic, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528436, China |
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| Abstract: | Nitrogen (N) stress limits the yields of maize (Zea mays L.) that have been plastic film-mulched in northwest China. Using the tested Hybrid-Maize simulation model, which was combined with field experiments using four levels of N fertilisers (0, 100, 250 and 400 kg N ha−1), we aimed to understand the variability of the attainable yield in response to N stress under plastic film mulching. We show that the application of N250 or N400 results in 100% simulated potential LAI, which is, thus, close to 100% of the simulated potential of both biomass and grain yield. However, N stress treatments significantly decreased the biomass and grain yields, achieving only 40–50% of the simulated potential (N0 treatment) and 70–80% of the simulated potential (N100 treatment). Growth dynamic measurements showed that N stress significantly decreased the LAI, delaying the source capacity growth (canopies) around the silking stage and resulting in lower final kernel numbers. The lower LAI resulted in decreased dry matter accumulation and allocation during the reproductive stage; this decrease led to a decrease in the kernel growth rate and in the grain filling duration, which resulted in a significantly lower kernel weight. This knowledge could be helpful for the optimisation of N management to close the yield gaps of dryland maize in semi-arid monsoon climate regions. |
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| Keywords: | Plastic film mulching Maize N fertiliser Yield gap Grain filling Hybrid-Maize model |
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