No-tillage permanent bed planting and controlled traffic in a maize-cotton irrigated system under Mediterranean conditions: Effects on soil compaction,crop performance and carbon sequestration |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Cordoba, Spain;2. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Clear Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK;2. Farm Systems & Environment, Low Road, Wortwell, Harleston, IP20 0HJ, UK;3. Salle Farms Co. Ltd, Manor Farm, Salle, Reepham, NR10 4SF, UK;1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India;2. Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur, M.P., India;3. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), New Delhi 110 012, India;1. Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;2. New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;3. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand;1. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, PR China;2. School of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China;3. Poly-Technic College, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Under irrigated Mediterranean conditions, no-tillage permanent bed planting (PB) is a promising agriculture system for improving soil protection and for soil carbon sequestration. However, soil compaction may increase with time up to levels that reduce crop yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term effects of PB on soil compaction, root growth, crop yield and carbon sequestration compared with conventionally tilled bed planting (CB) and with a variant of PB that had partial subsoiling (DPB) in a Typic Xerofluvents soil (Soil Survey Staff, 2010) in southern Spain. Traffic was controlled during the whole study and beds, and furrows with (F + T) and without traffic (F ? T), were spatially distinguished during measurements. Comparisons were made during a crop sequence of maize (Zea mays L.)—cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)—maize, corresponding to years 4–6 since trial establishment. After six years, soil compaction was higher in PB than in CB, particularly under the bed (44 and 27% higher in top 0.3- and 0.6-m soil layers, respectively). Around this time, maize root density at early grain filling was 17% lower in PB than in CB in the top 0.6-m layer. In DPB, the subsoiling operation was not effective in increasing root density. Nevertheless, root density appeared to maintain above-ground growth and yield in both PB and DPB compared to CB. Furthermore, at the end of the study, more soil organic carbon was stocked in PB than in CB and the difference increased significantly with a depth down to 0.5 m (5.7 Mg ha?1 increment for the top 0.5-m soil layer). Residues tended to accumulate on furrows, and this resulted in spatial and temporal differences in superficial soil organic carbon concentration (SOC) in the permanent planting systems. In PB, SOC in the top 0.05-m layer increased with time faster in furrows than on beds, and reached higher stable values (1.67 vs. 1.09% values, respectively). In CB, tillage homogenized the soil and reduced SOC in the top 0.05-m layer (average stable value of 0.96% on average for beds and furrows). |
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| Keywords: | Conservation agriculture No-tillage Root density Crop residue |
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