Changes in the morphological traits of maize genotypes in China between the 1950s and 2000s |
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| Institution: | 1. Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Construction Crops/The Center of Crop High-Yield Research, Shihezi 832003, PR China;2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;2. Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;1. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, QLD 4343, Australia;2. Advanta Seeds Pty Ltd, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;3. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Kingaroy, QLD 4610, Australia;4. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, United Nations Avenu-Gigiri, Kenya;1. The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;3. Institute of Crop Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yongning, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750105, China;1. Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China;2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China;3. Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, China |
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| Abstract: | Maize (Zea mays L.) morphological traits influence light attenuation within the canopy, and, ultimately, yield. The objectives of this 3-year field study were to: (i) examine the morphological characteristics of specific genotypes using varieties of maize that were widely used in Chinese agriculture from the 1950s to the 2000s; (ii) assess the canopies and yields of maize populations in relation to changes in their morphological characteristics. There were significant decrease on the ear ratio, center of gravity height and leaf angle with improved genotypes regardless of plant density. However, the ear leaves and adjacent leaves appeared to be longer in improved maize varieties. The mean leaf orientation value (LOV) and individual LOVs increased considerably during the time series of the genotypes, but more obvious changes in LOV occurred in the uppermost leaves. The average leaf area (LA) per plant and LA on the ears increased significantly from the 1950s to the 2000s. At the optimum density, current hybrid's canopy architecture was more compact, having short plant height and more upright leaf. The SDLA above or under ear significantly increased with improving genotypes, mainly due to new hybrids allowing the use of more individuals per area and thus increasing leaf area index (LAI). At the highest plant density, new hybrids had the rates of light transmittance (0.04–0.05), low attenuation coefficient (K = 0.47) and gained the highest yield. Leaf angle and LOV were highly correlated with TPAR/IPAR on ear, K, grain yield. Consequently, yield improvement in maize was probably a result of increased plant density tolerance through dependence on changes in leaf orientation characteristics. |
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| Keywords: | Maize genotype Morphological trait Light attenuation Grain yield |
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