果园覆盖土壤生态效应研究进展

果园种植业是我国农业生产的重要产业，也是农业生态文明建设的重要内容。果园覆盖具有改善土壤结构、调节土壤温湿度、增加土壤有机质和养分含量、提高土壤微生物数量及酶活性、平衡酸碱度和减少水土流失等生态环境正效应，但同时也会产生水肥竞争、病虫害增加和烂根发病率提高等负效应。快速提升有机质、增厚熟化土壤、利用农业废弃物控制面源污染和保护环境等将是今后果园覆盖研究的重要方向。 

Advances on Soil Ecological Effects of Orchards Covering

Planting industry of orchards has been an important industry of China′s agricultural production，and an important content of agro-ecological civilization construction.Orchards covering could improve soil structure，regulate soil temperature and moisture，increase soil organic matter and nutrient contents，promote soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity，balance acidity，and reduce soil erosion，to form a stable ecological environment.However，orchards covering can also intensify fertilizer competition，increases pest and incidence of rot.Main research directions of orchard covering in the future would be the rapid promotion of organic matter to thicken and ripen the soil and the use of agricultural wastes to control the non-point source pollution and protect the environment.