蛋鸡杂种胚胎生活力及其杂交遗传力的研究

在利用京白快羽母鸡对１７０只罗曼Ｄ系公鸡的快慢羽基因位点进行测交试验的过程中，收集了杂种后代孵化期胚胎生活力的数据用于本研究，结果表明：（１）孵化后期（１３－２１天）平均每天的胚胎死亡率约为前中期的两倍，孵化前期（１－６天）的死亡率略高于中期，孵化中期（７－１２天）的死亡率最低；（２）罗曼Ｄ系纯合慢羽公鸡杂交后代的生活力与杂合公鸡后代相比没有显著的差异，据此可以假设：快慢羽基因与胚胎生活力性状间无相关关系；（３）用ＨｅｎｄｅｒｓｏｎⅢ估计的胚胎生活力性状的杂种遗传力在０．００６到０．０５４之间，ＲＥＭＬ方法的估计值在０．００１到０．０４７之间。用ＨｅｎｄｅｎｏｎⅢ估计的遗传力一般均高于ＲＥＭＬ方法的估计值。

Studies on the Vitality and the Crossbred Heritability of Crossbred embryoes from layer

During the test cross of 170 cocks in line D of Lohmann Layers with hens in the fast feathering line of Beijing White to determing genotypes of the cocks at feathering rate locus, the data of vitality of crossbred embryoes were collected to do the studies. The following results were obtained: (1) Daily mor- tality of embryoes in the last stage of incubation (13th - 21st day) is twice as much as that in early days (1st-6th day) and in the middle stage (7th-12th day). The mortality in the first stage is slightly higher than that in the middle stage, (2) There is no significant difference in embryo vitality between offspring from homozygous cocks at the feathering rate locus and offspring from heterozygous cocks. This result leads to a hypothesis that no correlation between embryo vitality and feathering rate exists. (3) The estimated crossbred heritabilities of embryo vitality from sire components range from 0.006to 0.054 when Headerson Ⅲ was used, and range from 0.001 to 0.047 when REML was used. The esti- mators from Henderson Ⅲ are generally higher than that from REML.