旱地红壤长期定位施肥养分下移特征及作物产量效应研究

为了给合理施肥与面源污染防治提供科学依据，以玉米为试材，试验设4个处理，研究了旱地红壤长期施肥养分在剖面中的下移特征和作物产量效应。结果表明长期施用N、P肥和有机肥显著增加0~20 cm碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量；N与P或有机肥配施明显减少20~60 cm碱解氮含量，60~80 cm碱解氮含量差异较小；P与有机肥配施减少20~40 cm速效磷含量；40~60 cm速效磷含量差异极小；40 cm以下速效钾差异不明显，有机质60~80 cm以下无差异。低产红壤经28年改良培肥，生产性能达到中上等肥力水平。长期施N和NP，玉米籽粒分别在第8、24年绝收，NMP处理比NP处理显著增产。

The Characteristics of Nutrients Downward Movement and Crop Yield Response on Red Soil Dry Lands of a Long-term Fertilization

The aim was to provide basis for reasonable fertilization and prevention of widespread pollution.The corn was used as samples,the characteristic of nutrients downward movement in profile and crop yield response on red soil dry lands of a long-term Fertilization were studied with 4 treatments.The results showed that long-term application of N,P and M fertilizers significantly increased 0-20 cm nitrogen,available phosphorus,potassium and organic matter content;but only application of NP fertilizer or NM fertilizer significantly reduced 20-60 cm nitrogen content,60-80 cm had smaller differences in nitrogen content.The MP treatment reduced the 20-40 cm available phosphorus content,but 40-60 cm had few differences;40 cm and the following was not obviously differences in potassium content;60-80 cm had no differences in organic matter content.After 28 years amending and fertilizing of low-yielding red soil,production performance had reached the upper level of fertility.No yield in N treatment since the eighth years,in NP treatment since the 21thyears.The maize yield in NMP treatment was higher than that of NP treatment.