2010年湖南省农业气象灾害分析及减灾对策

农业气象灾害的发生及其危害是决定于气候异常与农业对象，农业生产不仅有明显的地域性，而且有很强的季节性，农业气象灾害是造成农业生产不稳定的主要因素之一。为此，对2010年对湖南省农业生产影响较大的主要气象灾害，主要有倒春寒、5月低温、洪涝灾害、季节性干旱、8月高温和寒露风等，及各自相应的分布特征和发生规律进行概述。同时，分析了所发生的各种主要农业气象灾害对湖南省农业生产造成的一些不利影响。针对各种主要农业气象灾害对湖南省农业生产产生的种种影响，提出了在农业生产中适宜于湖南省农业减灾防灾的主要对策。认为应分析湖南省主要农业气象灾害发生规律及发展趋势，以期更好的掌握气象灾害在湖南省不同地域的发生规律及对农业生产产生的影响，可通过品种选择与更换、加强田间管理、灾前预警、灾中调控和灾后补救等防灾减灾措施，以提高农业防灾减灾的能力，减轻气象灾害对湖南省农业生产的不利影响，从而为防御农业气象灾害，保障农业生产稳产、增产提供依据。

Analysis and Countermeasures on the Agro-meteorological Disasters of Hunan Province in 2010

The occurrence of agricultural meteorological disasters and its harm were decided by unusual climate and agriculture object. And the agricultural productions are not only having obvious of regional characteristics, but also has a strong seasonal characteristics. Agricultural meteorological disasters are the major factors that affected agricultural production. The main kinds of agricultural meteorological disasters of Hunan Province in 2010 were summarized in the present paper, such as reverse spring cool, low temperature in May, flood disasters, seasonal drought, high temperature in August, cold-dew wind and so on. And the distribution and outbreak regularity of primary meteorological disasters were analyzed. Meanwhile, the adverse effects of primary meteorological disasters on agricultural production of Hunan province in 2010 were discussed in this paper. In view of the meteorological disasters all sorts of influences which affect of the agricultural production of Hunan province, some suitable for agricultural production of Hunan Province disaster prevention and mitigation countermeasures were put forward. And the regularity and trend of main agricultural meteorological disasters should be analyzed, in order to realize the regularity of agricuhuralmeteorological disasters in different regions of Hunan Province and its adverse effects. So the comprehensive prevention countermeasures were proposed, such as varieties selection and change, strengthening field management, forewarning before disaster, taking control measures during disaster, taking remedy after disaster and so on, in order to increase the ability of agricultural production for disasters prevention and mitigation, seeks victory minimizes losses, and provide the safeguard for agricultural production