宁远河流域森林景观格局分析

为了揭示宁远河流域森林景观特征和存在的问题，以2010年海南省森林资源二类调查数据为基础，应用ARCGIS 9.2和FRAGSTATS 3.3软件，通过多种指数从景观组成结构与斑块分布状况、斑块特征、景观异质性和景观要素空间关系4个方面进行分析。结果表明：宁远河流域森林景观的面积和斑块数分别占景观总面积和总斑块数的85.05%和83.39%，为主要的景观类型；景观要素斑块类型面积排序为：阔叶混(42949.05 hm2)>橡胶(14678.66 hm2)>非林地(14378.50 hm2)>槟榔(4236.73 hm2)>芒果(3857.55 hm2)>松类(1872.70 hm2)>桉树类(1713.98 hm2)>相思类(1655.16 hm2)>其他经济林(402.63 hm2)>阔叶类(377.95 hm2)>竹类(27.68 hm2)，阔叶混、橡胶、槟榔和芒果在森林景观中占绝对优势，各个类型斑块分布不均匀；整体景观的斑块彼此邻近，空间分布较均衡，破碎化程度低；竹类景观受人为干扰因素最大。

Analysis of Forest Landscape Pattern in Ningyuan River Basin

In order to reveal the characteristics and existing problems of Ningyuan River basin landscape, based on the data from forest resources survey in Hainan Province in 2010, under the support of ARCGIS 9.2 and FRAGSTATS 3.3, the author analyzed the forest landscape pattern of Ningyuan River basin from composition and plaque distribution, plaque feature, heterogeneity and spatial distribution. The results showed that forestry landscape was the main type in Ningyuan River basin for the reason that the area of forestry landscape accounted for 85.05% of the total area and the number of patches accounted for 83.39%. The results also showed that the scheduling of the area of each patch type was as follows： broadleaved mixed forest （42949.05 hm 2 ） rubber （14678.66 hm 2 ） non-forested land （14378.50 hm 2 ） betel nut （4236.73 hm 2 ） mango （3857.55 hm 2 ） pine （1872.70 hm 2 ） eucalyptus （1713.98 hm 2 ） acacia （1655.16 hm 2 ） other economic forest （402.63 hm 2 ） broad leaved （377.95 hm 2 ） bamboo forest （27.68 hm 2 ）. Broadleaved mixed forest, rubber, betel nut and mango took absolute advantage in forestry landscape and it was not distributed for each patch type. The patches of the whole landscape were adjacent to each other, spatial distribution was in equilibrium and the fragmentation degree was low. In comparison, landscape of bamboo forest was the most severely influenced by human.