发酵床不同垫料配比前期发酵特征的研究

发酵床养殖技术是基于控制畜禽粪便排放与污染而发展起来的一种新型养殖技术，其技术核心在于养殖垫料的调配与管理。按照各处理垫料总重量相同，试验共设5个处理，分别为：常规垫料（CK）、70%常规垫料+30%玉米秸秆(30% S)、40%常规垫料+60%玉米秸秆(60% S)、10%常规垫料+90%玉米秸秆(90% S)、20%常规垫料+60%玉米秸秆+20%沸石(60% S+20% Z)，研究畜禽进入发酵床前垫料堆积阶段的发酵特征。结果表明所有处理垫料堆积2~4天后温度可升到45℃左右，并可保持1~3天；各处理垫料含水率、全氮含量、有机质含量均呈降低趋势；pH值缓慢升高；电导率在整个发酵期间变化不明显。其中30% S处理发酵效果最好，温度在高温期和降温期均高于其他处理；其含水率、全氮和有机质分别下降了16.23%、26.31%和37.06%；pH值则升高了7.13%。综合判断，本试验条件下常规垫料和玉米秸秆按30% S混合进行前期发酵最为适宜。

Research on the Characteristics of Pre-Fermentation of Different Litter Ratio in Deep-litter System

Deeplitter System as an agricultural rearing technique, could help to reduce animal manure egesta and pollution in which selection and management of raw materials for litter were of great importance. For the same total mass of each treatment, 5 treatments were carried out： traditional litter（CK）, 70% traditional litter＋30% corn straw（30% S）, 40% traditional litter＋60% corn straw（60% S）, 10% traditional litter＋90% corn straw（90% S）, 20% traditional litter ＋ 60% corn straw ＋ 20% zeolite（60% S ＋ 20% Z）, to research on the characteristics of litter pre-fermentation before breeding. The results showed that the temperature of different litters could reached 45~C after stacking 2-4 d and maintain 1-3 d, the moisture content, total nitrogen, organic matter of all treatments reduced gradually with composting process, the pH values rose gradually, no significant change in EC was found during litter prefermentation. 30% S could be helpful for fermentation for its highest temperature during high temperature period and cooling period, which could also reduce moisture content, total nitrogen, organic matter of the mixed litter by 16.23%, 26.31%, 37.06% at the end of pre-fermentation, and increased pH by 7.13%.