生态环境对烟草农艺性状和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以6个烟草品种为材料，在云南省昭通市昭阳区、巧家县和镇雄县3个试验点大田条件下，比较各烟草品种在不同生态环境下的农艺性状差异，并利用Mini-PAM便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪观测分析各品种中部叶片的叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明：烟草叶片是对环境反应最敏感的器官，巧家县降水充沛，太阳辐射充足，各烟草品种烟叶的长、宽和面积均较大；镇雄7月上、中旬气候条件相对较干旱，各品种最大光化学量子产量和有效光化学量子产量普遍较低；K326和云烟203的实际光化学量子产量和电子传递速率在3个试验点之间的差异表现一致，说明二者在光能捕获和电子传递方面存在着对环境响应的相似机理。各品种在不同生态环境下非光化学猝灭（NPQ）的强弱不一致，表明各品种对生态环境适应性具有多样性和可塑性。

Effects of Ecological Environment on Tobacco Agronomic Traits and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics

Six tobacco varieties were used for the field experiment which was carried out at Zhaoyang district， Qiaojia county， and Zhenxiong county of Zhaotong city in Yunnan province. Agronomic characteristics differences among varieties at different ecoenvironments were compared， and the character of fluorescence was measured by portable modulated chlorophyll fluorometer Mini-PAM. The results showed that tobacco leaf was the most sensitive organ in response to environment. Because of the plenty of rainfall and abundant solar radiation， leaf length， leaf width and leaf area of tobacco in Qiaojia were bigger than that in Zhaoyang and Zhenxiong. Because of the relatively heavy arid climate in Zhenxiong in early and middle July， maximum photochemical quantum yield and effective photochemical quantum yield of almost all varieties in this experimental site were the lowest. Differences of actual photochemical quantum yield and electron transfer rate of K326 and Yunyan 203 among the 3 experimental sites were consistent， indicating the presence of similar mechanisms in response to the environment in light energy capture and electron transport of the two varieties. NPQ of all varieties were different from each other in the points， reflecting the diversity and plasticity of environmental adaptation.