嫁接与施肥对番茄产量及氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率的影响

为探讨嫁接对番茄产量及养分吸收利用特性的影响，本文采用裂区试验设计方法，研究了栽培方式及施肥处理与番茄产量,氮、磷、钾吸收及养分利用效率的关系。结果表明，嫁接番茄较自根番茄产量提高30.76%，氮（N）、磷（P2O）、钾（K2O）吸收量分别增加27.88%、28.21%和24.23%，氮、磷、钾利用效率分别提高25.67%、20.41%和20.97%。氮、磷、钾配施较单施可显著提高番茄产量，促进养分吸收，提高肥料利用效率，其中氮磷钾配施较氮、磷、钾单施番茄产量分别提高42.52%、68.62%、50.10%，氮、磷、钾利用效率分别提高103.16%、181.58%和93.71%。嫁接栽培及增施肥料还可显著增强土壤氮、磷、钾供应能力。

Effect of grafting cultivation and fertilization on the yield,NPK uptake and utilization of tomatoes

In order to investigate the effects of grafting cultivation on tomato yield, characteristics of nutrients uptake and utilization, the relationship between cultivation methods and fertilization to tomato yield, NPK uptake and use efficiency was studied using split plot design. The results showed that compared to self-rooted tomato, the yield of grafted tomato was increased by 30.76%, the absorption of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O increased by 27.88%, 28.21% and 24.23%, and the utilization rate of N, P and K increased by 25.67%, 20.41% and 20.97%, respectively. Meanwhile, combined application of N, P and K could increase the yield, absorption and utilization rate of N, P and K compared to single element fertilizer application, the yield of tomato under the treatment of NPK was 42.52%, 68.62% and 50.10% higher compared to that under single application of N, P and K, consequently, the utilization efficiency of N, P and K increased by 103.16%, 181.58% and 93.71%, respectively. In addition, grafting and adding fertilization could enhance the soil N, P and K supply capacity significantly.