氮素运筹对淮北地区超高产小麦养分吸收利用的影响

2006～2008年，以强筋小麦烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料，研究了氮素不同基追肥比例对小麦植株养分含量、肥料吸收及其利用效率的影响。结果表明，小麦产量达9000 kg/hm2以上的超高产水平，每公顷吸收氮、磷、钾量分别为259.25～315.00 kg、82.86～89.70 kg、224.67～305.28 kg; 形成100 kg子粒消耗的氮、磷、钾量分别为2.933.19 kg、0.871.04 kg、2.473.27 kg。两品种氮肥当季利用率随拔节肥比例增加显著提高，当基追比例为6∶44∶6时，烟农19的氮肥当季利用率高于皖麦50，说明适宜的氮肥运筹比例有利于提高氮肥当季利用率; 氮肥农学效率、氮收获指数与产量间呈显著正相关。随拔节肥比例增加，氮素利用效率有下降的趋势，说明植株随吸氮量的增加，子粒形成产量增幅减弱。淮北地区小麦实现超高产栽培的拔节期追肥的适宜的氮素基追比例为5∶5～4∶6。

Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption, utilization in super-high-yielding wheat in Huaibei region

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen (N) ratio between base fertilizer and dressing on plant nutrient content, absorption and utilization efficiency of fertilizer from 2006 to 2008 using strong gluten wheat Yannong 19 and medium-gluten wheat Wanmai 50 as the experimental materials. The results indicated，under the condition of high yield above 9000 kg/ha, the uptake of N, P and K were 259.25-315.00, 82.86-89.70 and 224.67-305.28 kg/ha, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of N, P and K that 100 kg grain need were 2.93-3.19, 0.87-1.04 and 2.47-3.27 kg, respectively. The results of nutrient uptake and utilization showed that the N utilization efficiency in two wheat cultivars was significantly increased with the rate of jointing fertilization increasing. The N utilization efficiency in Yannong 19 was higher than that in Wanmai 50 when the basal∶topdressing ratio of N fertilizer ranged from 6∶4 to 4∶6 indicating that suitable N application ratio could improve N utilization efficiency. The relationship between the N utilization efficiency, N harvest index and yield were significantly positive correlated. With the rate of jointing fertilization increasing, the N use efficiency was decreased, which was showed that the increase amplitude of grain yield was declined with the N uptake increasing. When the basal∶topdressing rate of N fertilization ranged from 5∶5 to 4∶6, the super high yield cultivation could be reached in Huaibei area.