鄱阳湖区水资源利用和保护机制演变及其绩效分析

阐述了建国后鄱阳湖区水资源利用和保护机制在计划机制、“自由配置”和政府积极介入规制3个阶段的演变情况。指出计划机制的失败在于漠视科学;“自由配置”的失败在于“公地悲剧”;政府积极介入有正面作用。对各机制的绩效做了实证性的调查分析,说明了第一阶段向第二阶段演变动力和第二阶段向第三阶段演变动力的不同。前者的演变动力是在制度变革的推动下完成,后者则主要是由于遭到自然惩罚的结果;揭示第一阶段向第二阶段的机制演变绩效不佳甚至破坏力更大,原因是“公地悲剧”更大程度地发生。第二阶段向第三阶段的机制演变绩效应该好于第一阶段向第二阶段演变时期,原因是政府加强了对水资源的保护和管理。最后得出政府与市场相结合的混合市场机制是鄱阳湖水资源有效利用和保护良好机制的基本结论。

Development Mechanisms and Their Effects of Boyang Lake''s Water Resource Exploitation and Protection

The paper first explicate the development mechanisms of Boyang Lake's water resource exploitation and protection in their three stages,i.e.the planning mechanism,the free allocation mechanism and the regulation mechanism by government interferences.It further points out that the failure of the planning mechanism is because people look down on science,the failure of the free allocation mechanism is due to "the tragedy of public land",and the active government interferences have positive effects.Then,the paper conducts an investigation and makes a positive analysis on effects of the three mechanisms;explains that the motive force of the change from the first stage to the second stage is different from that from the second stage to the third stage,for the motive force of the former is from the power of institution reformation,whereas the motive force of the later is the result of the punishment from the nature;discovers that effects of the mechanism change from the first stage to the second stage are not good,or become even more worse because "the tragedy of public land" happens widely,and effects of the mechanism change form the second stage to the third stage are becoming better because the government has enhanced the administration and protection for water resources of the Boyang Lake.Finally,the paper makes a conclusion that mixed market mechanism that the government regulation combines with the market mechanism is the best mechanism for the Boyang Lake's water resources to be used and protected.