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半干旱区施氮和灌溉条件下覆膜对春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响
引用本文:陈小莉,李世清,王瑞军,任小龙,李生秀.半干旱区施氮和灌溉条件下覆膜对春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(4):652-658.
作者姓名:陈小莉  李世清  王瑞军  任小龙  李生秀
作者单位:1.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵 712100;
基金项目:国家自然科学基金 , 中国科学院西部之光项目资助
摘    要:以典型半干旱区干湿砂质新成土(Ust-Sandic Entisols)为供试土壤进行田间试验,研究地膜覆盖、施氮及补充灌水量对春玉米(Zea mays L.)产量、土壤矿质氮(NO3--N和NH4+-N)及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,0—100 cm土体范围内,随着土层加深,播前和收获后土壤NO3--N含量呈降低趋势,NH4+-N有所增加,但变幅不大;总矿质氮量(NO3--N和NH4+-N)表现为下降。说明地膜覆盖和施氮并没有使NO3--N深层累积量增加,这可能与土壤本身供氮能力严重不足有关。与不施氮相比,施氮各处理氮肥表观损失量增加;与不覆膜相比,作物氮素累积量比不覆膜显著增加(P0.05)。在低灌(80 mm)覆膜和高灌(160 mm)覆膜条件下,玉米的氮肥利用率均比不覆膜均提高了18.8%,说明覆膜低灌在相同施氮条件下,可节约80 mm灌水。但低灌(80 mm)与高灌(160 mm)不覆膜间氮肥利用率差异不显著,表明在相同施氮条件下,覆膜可有效提高氮肥利用率,减少氮素损失。综合考虑籽粒产量和氮肥利用率,“覆膜+补灌80 mm+施氮90 kg/hm2”可能为本试验条件下较优的栽培模式。

关 键 词:地膜覆盖    春玉米    氮肥利用率    土壤矿质氮    氮素平衡
收稿时间:2007-7-9

Effect of film mulching on yield and nitrogen balance of spring maize under different nitrogen and irrigation treatments in semi-arid region
CHEN Xiao-li,LI Shi-qing,Wang Rui-jun,REN Xiao-long,LI Sheng-xiu.Effect of film mulching on yield and nitrogen balance of spring maize under different nitrogen and irrigation treatments in semi-arid region[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(4):652-658.
Authors:CHEN Xiao-li  LI Shi-qing  Wang Rui-jun  REN Xiao-long  LI Sheng-xiu
Institution:1.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS and MWR,Northwest A &F University,Yangling 712100,China;
Abstract:A field experiment was carried out on typical Ust-Sandiic Entisols soil in semi-arid area to study the effect of film mulching, nitrogen (N) application and supplementary irrigation on spring maize (Zea mays L.) yield, soil mineral N (NO3--N and NH4+-N) and N balance. The result showed that in the 0-100 cm soil profile, with the depth of soil layers increasing, NO3--N content before sowing and after harvest decreased, NH4+-N increased slowly, and the total mineral N content declined (NO3--N and NH4+-N). It indicated that film mulching and N application did not increase NO3--N accumulation in deep layer. This might be related to the soil’s insufficient N supplying ability. The N apparent losses increased in all the treatments under N application compared to the zero N application treatment. The crop N accumulation significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to the no film mulching treatment. In the 80 mm and 160 mm irrigation with film mulching treatments, the N fertilizer use efficiency of maize increased 18.8% compared with no film mulching. This indicated that under the same N levels, low irrigation (80 mm) with film mulching could save 80 mm water. However, the difference of N fertilizer use efficiency between 80 mm and 160 mm without film mulching was not significant. This indicated that film mulching increased N fertilizer use efficiency and decreased N losses under the same N application condition. In terms of grain yields and N fertilizer use efficiency, the recommended management practice would be “film mulching + supplementary irrigation at 80mm + N application at 90 kg/ha ” based on results of this experiment.
Keywords:film mulching  spring maize  nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency  soil mineral N  nitrogen balance
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