4种植物生长调节剂对冬小麦旗叶细胞形态的影响

为明确植物生长调节剂对冬小麦叶片细胞的调控效应,2008—2009年度在河北省藁城市以烯效唑、多效唑、麦巨金、麦业丰4种植物生长调节剂2种浓度的水溶液处理小麦,研究了对旗叶叶片细胞形态的影响。结果表明:与对照(清水)相比,4种调节剂对旗叶不同环数叶肉细胞的比例影响不大,仅常规浓度的麦巨金和加倍浓度的烯效唑使多环叶肉细胞的比例明显增加。4种调节剂处理的小麦旗叶3环叶肉细胞的长度和宽度都有所减小,尤以宽度的减小更为明显。常规浓度下,麦巨金处理的细胞宽度显著小于对照及其它调节剂处理。加倍浓度下,多效唑处理的细胞长度和宽度都显著小于对照和其它调节剂处理。4种调节剂常规和加倍浓度处理都使旗叶叶片的厚度增加,且与对照叶片厚度的差异显著或极显著。2种浓度的4种生长调剂处理后小麦的籽粒产量均有所提高,其中常规浓度的麦巨金、麦业丰和加倍后的多效唑、烯效唑对产量的提高效果最为显著,这是不同调节剂对3个产量构成因素的不同影响及其相互作用的结果。根据本研究结果,在小麦高产、超高产条件下叶面积指数已经很大的情况下,可以利用本研究中应用的生长调节剂,使小麦叶片厚度增厚,叶肉细胞变小,从而达到改善叶片质量和群体质量的目的。

Effect of four plant growth regulators on the cell morphology of flag leaves of winter wheat

In order to make clear the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the leaf cell morphology of winter wheat,a field experiment was carried out during 2008-2009 in Gaocheng County,Hebei Province. Field grown wheat plants were sprayed with solutions of four PGRs,uniconazole,multiple effect triozole (MET),Maijujin (a commercial PGRs) and Maiyefeng (another commercial PGRs) of two concentrations,i.e.,conventional and double conventional concentrations,with water as control. Specimens of flag leaves were collected after 20 d after treatment for microscopic observation of mesophyll cell morphology,size and leaf blade thickness. The results showed that the effect of the four PGRs on the ratio of mesophyll cells with different shapes in flag leaves was not significant. The ratio of mesophyll cells with multi link obviously increased only in the treatments of conventional concentration of Maijujin and double concentration of uniconazole. The length and width of 3 link mesophyll cells in flag leaves of wheat sprayed with the four PGRs all decreased,especially the decrease of width was more significant. In conventional concentration treatments,the cell width sprayed with Maijujin was significantly smaller than those sprayed with other PGRs and water control. In double concentration treatments,the cell length and width sprayed with MET was significantly smaller than those sprayed with water control and other PGRs. The thickness of falg leaf blades sprayed with the four PGRs and two concentrations all increased,and the differences of leaf blade thickness between PGRs treatments and control were significant or very significant. The grain yields of wheat sprayed with the four PGRs and two concentrations all increased. The grain yields of wheat sprayed with Maijujin and Maiyefeng of conventional concentration,and those sprayed with MET and uniconazole of double concentration was significantly higher than that of control. Result of the effects of different PGRs on the three yield components and their interaction indicate that in the conditions of high yield wheat with very high leaf area index,it is feasible to apply PGRs to grow wheat plants with thicker leaf blades with smaller mesophyll cells,so as to improve the quality of leaf blades and the population.