陕北桑树栽植技术及其生态效益研究

提出了沙尘暴肆虐为害,水土流失异常严重的陕北地区桑树栽植的5种形式及栽桑技术,并开展了水土保持生态效益的研究,结果表明:5年生隔坡桑带区比农耕坡地年减少径流37.8%,减少泥沙56.2%,0～10㎝土壤相对湿度提高20%,含水量提高1.7%～2.15%,风速降低30%,7月份桑带内平均气温降低2.8℃,0～20㎝地温降低1.7℃,土壤田间最大持水量增加20.57%,全氮增加20.0%,全磷增加10.5%,有机质增加43.3%,每667m2可产桑叶700kg,养蚕1张,产茧35kg,产桑条800～1000kg,产桑果400kg,产值1000元。桑树既是陕北生态脆弱地区的生态树,又是可有效增加当地农民收入的经济林。

Study on the Planting Technology of Mulberry Trees and Its Ecological Benefits

This paper puts forward the five patterns of mulberry trees planting in Northern Shanxi province under the circumstances of sandbags and great land erosion, thus developing survey on water and soil preservation. It suggests that within 5 years the streaming of water in farmland decreases 37.8% than it in the wild land as well as the bed load decreases 56.2%, comparative humidity increases 20%, hydrous content increases 1.7%~2.15%, wind speed decreases 30%. Meanwhile, in July the temperature in the mulberry planting area decreases 1.8 degrees on average, while the humidity decreases 1.7 degrees. The highest hydrous content in farmland increase 20.57%, nitrogen increase 20.0%, and phosphor increases 10.5%. The organic content increases 43.3%. Every 667m2 mulberries can produce 700kg leaves and 400kg fruits. Altogether, these equals to $1000. Mulberry is a kind of ecological trees as well as economic forest in Northern Shanxi province.