不同灌溉模式对西辽河平原玉米根系形态特征和生理生化特性的影响

研究了西辽河平原灌区3种主要灌溉方式(浅埋滴灌、膜下滴灌和传统畦灌)对玉米根系形态特征和生理生化特性的影响.采用大田对比试验,以农华101为供试品种,大小垄种植(小垄行距40 cm,大垄行距80 cm),种植密度7.5万株·hm-2,在设定的灌溉定额下(膜下滴灌和浅埋滴灌为3150 m3·hm-2、传统畦灌为4500 ...

Effects of different irrigation methods on root morphological and physiological biochemical characteristics of maize in the West Liaohe Plain

To provide a theoretical basis for regulating nitrogen and water utilization efficiency with fertigation in maize, the effects of three main irrigation methods of shallow buried drip irrigation (SBDI), traditional border irrigation (TBI) and mulched drip irrigation (MDI)on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize roots in the irrigation area of the West Liaohe Plain were studied. In the field contrast experiment, Nonghua 101 was used as the testing maize variety,the planting mode was wide\|narrow row (80 cm+40 cm), the planting density was 75 000 plants·hm^-2, and the irrigation quota was 3 150 m³·hm^-2 for SBDI and MDI, and 4 500 m³·hm^-2 for TBI.The root morphology, physiological and biochemical indexes and grain yield of maize were measured and analyzed under the condition of field contrast test.The grain yield of SBDI and TBI was all higher than that of MDI, and the difference with MDI reached a significant level, which was 5.75% and 4.62% higher in 2017 and 13.82% and 7.25% higher in 2018. During the silking stage, in the 0~20 cm soil layer, the total root weight of MDI and SBDI was 15.72% and 8.21% higher than that of TBI, respectively, and there were significant differences between SBDI, MDI and TBI. During the mature stage, SBDI was 10.96% and 11.95% higher than that of MDI and TBI, and there were significant differences between SBDI and MDI, TBI. At silking stage, the root range of MDI was the highest in 10 cm soil layer, and the root width was highest in SBDI and lowest in the MDI in 30 cm soil layer. There were significant differences between SBDI and MDI. During the silking stage, the number of roots of MDI was the highest at 10 cm and 20 cm soil layers, while TBI was the lowest, and the difference between them was significant. The number of roots for both SBDI and TBI in the soil layer of 30 cm were significantly higher than that of MDI. In the 0~20 cm soil layer, the root length of MDI was the largest, while that of TBI was the smallest at silking stage. But at mature stage the root length of SBDI was the largest, and that of MDI was the smallest.At silking stage, the SOD and POD activity of root were not significant between treatments in the 0~20 cm soil layer, and the highest was in TBI and the lowest was in the MDI at milking stage with significant differences between TBI and MDI. At silking stage the MDA content of root were not significant between treatments in 0~20 cm soil layer, but in 40~60 cm soil layer, the MDI was significantly higher than SBDI and TBI. At later growth stage, the root SOD and POD activity of SBDI decreased slowly, while the SBDA content increased slowly. The strong activity of maize roots in the late growth stage was an important physiological basis for its high yield and high efficiency.