Effects of paper mill sludge and weed control on competing vegetation and growth of young red pine |
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Authors: | Michael J Young James E Johnson David A Thiel |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, North Carolina, USA;(2) Department of Forestry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061 Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;(3) Georgia-Pacific Corporation, 54469 Port Edwards, Wisconsin, USA |
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Abstract: | In September, 1988, a paper mill sludge from Georgia-Pacific Corporation's wastewater treatment facility in Port Edwards, WI., was applied to a 4- and 6-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Sludge was applied using industrial spreaders at rates of 0, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1. Twenty-one months following treatment, above-ground biomass production of sedge (Carex spp.), the predominant understory component, was increased by as much as 85% from the 40 Mg ha-1 rate relative to the control. The increase in dry matter production coincided with significant increases in above- and below-ground levels of N, P and K. Weed control performed in August, 1989, resulted in reduced levels of woody and herbaceous vegetation, without a concomitant effect on red pine performance. Possible reasons for this lack of response are discussed within this paper. |
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Keywords: | competition Garlontm Ousttm paper mill sludge Pinus resinosa Ait waste disposal |
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