灌溉方式耦合氮肥运筹对寒地粳稻产量形成影响

为探究灌溉方式耦合氮肥运筹条件下寒地粳稻干物质积累及产量形成规律,以东农425和松粳6号为试材,设置3种灌溉方式(W1正常灌溉;W2轻干湿交替灌溉;W3重干湿交替灌溉)和3种氮肥运筹(基肥蘖肥穗肥粒肥分别为6310(N1)、5311(N2)、4321(N3)),研究灌溉方式耦合氮肥运筹对寒地粳稻干物质积累与转运、花粉粒育性、籽粒灌浆特性、产量及产量构成因素影响,为寒地粳稻丰产、高效栽培提供指导。结果表明,灌溉方式耦合氮肥运筹对上述指标存在显著互作效应。与W1相比,W2和W3处理下两粳稻品种干物质转运率和贡献率提高,籽粒灌浆速率增大,灌浆时间缩短,提前达到最大灌浆速率时间,有效穗数、穗粒数和花粉粒育性降低。W2处理下两粳稻品种千粒重提高,东农425干物质积累量和输出量无显著差异,结实率和收获指数提高,而松粳6号干物质积累量、输出量、结实率和收获指数显著下降;W3处理下两粳稻品种千粒重、干物质积累量、输出量、结实率和收获指数下降。两粳稻品种根冠比均随干旱胁迫程度加剧而增大。在相同灌溉条件下,与N1相比,东农425和松粳6号均表现为N2有效提高干物质积累及转运能力、有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、收获指数、花粉育性和最终产量,为最佳氮肥运筹方式;N3处理下有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量有所提高,结实率、收获指数、茎鞘物质转运率和贡献率均降低。综上,东农425以W2N2为最佳耦合方式,松粳6号以W1N2为最佳耦合方式。

Effect of irrigation mode coupling nitrogen fertilizer application model on yield formation of Japonica Rice in cold region

In order to explore the effect of irrigation mode coupling nitrogen fertilizer application model on the dry matter accumulation and yield formation of Japonica rice in cold region,two Japonica Rice (Dongnong 425 and Songjing 6) were selected as test materials.The experiment set 3 irrigation methods (N1,normal irrigation;W2,mild wetting-drying alternate irrigation;W3,severe wetting-drying altemate irrigation) and 3 nitrogen application model (the ratio of basal fertilizer,tillering fertilizer,panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer were 6∶3∶1∶0 (N1),5∶3∶1∶1 (N2),4∶3∶2∶1 (N3)) at the same nitrogen level.The effects of irrigation method coupling nitrogen fertilizer application model on dry matter accumulation and translocation,pollen fertility,grain filling,yield and yield components of Japonica dce in cold region were studied,providing guidance for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of Japonica dce in cold region.The results showed that there was significant interaction on these above mentioned indexes between irrigation method and nitrogen fertilizer.Compared with W1,W2 and W3 improved the dry matter transport rate,contribution rate,and grain filling rate,shortened filling time,advanced filling period,decreased the effective panicle number,grain number and pollen fertility of two varieties.In addtion,W2 increased 1000-grain weight of two varieties,the seed setting rate,harvest index,not significantly changed the dry matter accumulation and output of Dongnong 425,but decreased the dry matter accumulation,output,seed setting rate and harvest index of Songjing 6.However,1000-grain weight,dry matter accumulation and output,seed setting rate and harvest index of two varieties decreased under W3 treatment.The ratio of root to shoot in two Japonica rice varieties increased with the increasement of water stress.Compared with N1 under the same irrigation condition,Dongnong 425 and Songjing 6 with N2 application model effectively improved the dry matter accumulation and transport capacity,panicle number,grain number,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,harvest index and pollen fertility;N3 model increased the effective panicle number,grain number,1000-grain weight and yield,but decreased seed setting rate,harvest index,matter transfer rate and contribution rate of stem and sheath.The results showed that W2N2 was the best coupling mode for Dongnong 425 and W1N2 forSongjing 6.