黄河流域九省区农业水资源利用效率评价和障碍因子分析

为了解黄河流域九省区农业水资源利用现状,明晰提高九省区农业水资源利用效率障碍因子。基于熵权Topsis模型,以黄河流域九省区为评价单元,从资源利用效率、经济效益、生态效益准则层中选取14个评价指标,构建九省区的农业水资源利用效率的综合评价指标体系,评价黄河流域九省区2004年、2009年、2014年、2019年的农业水资源利用效率,并对九省区的农业水资源利用效率进行障碍因子诊断。结果表明：(1)2004—2019年,青海、内蒙古、河南、山东的农业水资源利用效率较高,陕西、甘肃、山西的农业水资源利用效率相对较低。(2)2004—2019年,各省区的农业水资源利用效率整体提高,且九省区之间的农业水资源利用效率差异逐渐减小。(3)地均水资源占有量(A6)、人均生态环境用水量(A13)是山西、山东、河南、四川、陕西、甘肃、宁夏的主要障碍因子,人均生态环境用水量(A13)、农业水资源利用效率系数(A4)是青海的主要障碍因子,地均水资源占有量(A6)、用水的农业生产总值(A9)是内蒙古主要障碍因子。因此,九省区水资源禀赋及生态环境用水量是影响其农业水资源利用效率的主要因素。

Evaluation of Agricultural Water Resource Utilization Efficiency and Obstacle Factor Diagnoses in Nine Provinces of the Yellow River Basin

The purpose of this paper is to understand the present situation of agricultural water resources utilization in nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin and to clarify the obstacles to improve agricultural water resources utilization efficiency. Based on entropy weight Topsis model, 9 provinces of the Yellow River Basin were taken as evaluation units, and 14 evaluation indexes were selected from resource utilization efficiency, economic benefit and ecological benefit to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system of agricultural water resources utilization efficiency. The agricultural water resource utilization efficiency was evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation index system and its obstacle factors were diagnosed in 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019. The results showed that:(1) From 2004 to 2019, the agricultural water resource utilization efficiency in Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Henan, and Shandong was relatively high, while that in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Shanxi was relatively low. (2) From 2004 to 2019, the agricultural water resources utilization efficiency of the nine provinces increased on the whole, and the difference of agricultural water resources utilization efficiency among the nine provinces gradually decreased. (3) The main obstacle factors of Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia were per capita water resources (A6) and per capita ecological water consumption (A13); per capita ecological water consumption (A13) and agricultural water resource utilization efficiency (A4) were the main obstacles in Qinghai. Average water resources occupancy (A6) and total agricultural production value (A9) were the main obstacles in Inner Mongolia. Therefore, water resources endowment and ecological water consumption are the main factors affect the agricultural water resources utilization efficiency in the nine provinces.