红壤旱地长期施肥对春玉米光合特性和产量的影响

基于湖南祁阳红壤试验站长达19年的定位试验,于2009年进行了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(OM)与有机肥无机肥配合施用(NPKM)对春玉米净光合速率、叶面积指数及产量影响的比较研究.结果表明:与单施化肥相比,单施有机肥处理不仅能够显著增加春玉米叶面积指数,同时也有利于提高主要生育期的叶片净光合速率,干物质累积量显著增加,其穗粒数、百粒重及收获指数均显著增加,表现为最终产量增加333.23％.在本试验处理条件下,单施有机肥处理与有机肥无机肥配合施用处理除苗期净光合速率有显著性差异外,在其他光合特性和产量性状上无显著性差异.综合土壤养分及历年平均产量来看,有机肥无机肥配合施用为该地区较佳的施肥方式.

Effects of long-term fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring maize in upland red soil

To study the effects of different fertilization management on net photosynthetic rate of leaf (P_n),leaf area index(LAI) and yield of spring maize (Zea Mays L.),a 19-year long-term fertilization experiment has been conducted in Red Soil Experimental Station Qiyang,China.The fertilization treatments include no fertilizer (CK),application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK),application of organic fertilizer (OM) and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKM).The results indicated that,in comparison with NPK treatment,application of OM fertilization could increase P_n at main development stages of spring maize.And application of OM fertilization also increased LAI,aboveground biomass,grains per spike,100-seed weight and harvest index of spring maize,thus increased yield by 333.23%.In comparison with OM treatment,application of NPKM fertilization only improved P_n at seedling stage of spring maize,but did not increased LAI,aboveground biomass and yield significantly.Analysis with soil nutrient status and average yield from 1991 to 2009,long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is a better fertilization method in this area.