中国居民收入差距的成因、演进与分解

基于1978-2009年以来的省级面板数据，本文首先利用泰尔指数估计了中国居民收入差距演进趋势，然后按地区结构和城乡结构进行了分解。结果显示，城乡收入差距占据了整体收入差距的70%以上，三大地区间的收入差距虽较为明显，但并没有地区内的收入差距显著。究其原因，中国收入差距的演进除了内在的经济规律使然外，经济政策也有较为明显的影响。因此，加快经济发展、强化农村偏向型的经济政策是缩小收入差距的必然途径。

Empirical Analysis on Income Inequality of China: Reason, Evolution and Decomposition

Based on the provincial panel dataset, this paper firstly examines China income inequality and its evolution process by means of Theil indexes, and followed by decomposition of income inequality according to the regional structure and urban-rural structure. The result shows that urban-rural income inequality occupies the biggest share of income inequality in China, which account for 70% of the overall income inequality. Intra-Regional income disparities are more significant than inter-regional. In addition to following the common economic law, China’s income inequality is affected largely by economic policy. This paper also offers a proposal to speed up economy development and insist rural–preferential economic policy in order to alleviate the income inequality.