10个甘蔗品种染色体核型分析与比较

通过10个甘蔗品种的核型分析，研究其染色体组成系统演化和血缘构成的基本特征，为甘蔗育种选配亲本提供细胞学依据。以10个甘蔗品种的根尖为材料，采用改良的酶解去壁低渗法制备染色体标本，再利用Ikaros软件进行核型分析。‘粤糖86-368’的核型公式为2n=111=2M+103m+4sm+2T，‘桂糖11’的核型公式为2n=106=96m+10sm，这2个品种的核型分类均属于1B型；‘新台糖10’的核型公式为2n=108=98m+10sm，‘新台糖16’的核型公式为2n=111=4M+101m+6sm，‘新台糖20’的核型公式为2n=110=98m+10sm+2st，‘新台糖22’的核型公式为2n=110=2M+96m+12sm，‘粤糖93-159’的核型公式为2n=108=2M+88m+18sm，‘闽糖69-421’的核型公式为2n=109=95m+14sm，‘云蔗89-151’的核型公式为2n=111=91m+20sm这7个品种的核型分类均属于2B型；‘云蔗99-91’的核型公式为2n=108=84m+22sm+2st，核型分类属于2C型。研究结果说明，‘粤糖86-368’、‘桂糖11’这2个品种的进化程度都还比较原始；‘云蔗99-91’、‘云蔗89-151’进化程度最高；其余6个品种进化程度中等。

Karyotype Analysis and Corporation of Ten Sugarcane Varieties

The basic characteristics of genomic evolution and consanguineous constitution were studied using karyotypes analysis of ten sugarcane varieties. These provided cytological evidence for parent selection of sugarcane breeding. Root tips of ten sugarcane varieties were used to make chromosome specimen with improved method of cell wall digested with enzyme and low osmosis, and the karyotypes analysis was carried out with ikaros software. The karyotype formulas of ‘Yuetang86-368’ was 2n=111=2M+103m+4sm+2T, ‘Guitang11’ was 2n=106=96m+10sm, both belonged to 1B type of chromosome. The karyotype formulas of ROC10 was 2n=108=98m+10sm, ROC16 was 2n=111=4M+101m+6sm. ROC20 was 2n=110=98m+10sm+2st. ROC22 was 2n=110=2M+96m+12sm; ‘Yuetang93-159’ was 2n=108=2M+88m+18sm. ‘Mintang69-421’ was 2n=109=95m+14sm; ‘YZ89-151’ was 2n=111=91m+20sm, all belonged to 2B type of chromosome. The karyotype formulas of ‘YZ99-91’ was 2n=108=84m+22sm+2st, belonging to 2C type of chromosome. The result suggested that ‘Yuetang86-368’ and ‘Guitang11’ were lower on the evolutionary scale; ‘YZ99-91’ and ‘YZ89-151’ were the highest on the evolutionary scale; and other six varieties were medium on the evolutionary scale.