| 氯离子在土壤中的扩散: Ⅱ.动力学及热力学性质 |
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| 作者姓名： | XU Ming-Gang Zhang Yi-Ping LIU Wei-Ning |
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| 作者单位： | Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China);Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China);Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China) |
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| 基金项目： | *Project supported by the Laboratory of Soil and of the Agricultural Ministry of China. |
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| 摘 要： | The amounts of chloride ions diffused in four soils of different textures at the same water content under different temperature and at varied time were measured by the diffusion cell method using 36Cl-labelled CaCl2 solution. Five kinetic models were used to fit the dynamic process of the diffusion of chloride ions in the soils. It was found that Elovich equation or power function equation was the best model to describe the process. The pseudothermodynamic parameters, i.e. the net reaction energy, the activation entropy, activation enthalpy and activation free energy of the diffusion, were derived from the absolute reaction-rate theory. The results showed that these parameters decreased in the order of loessal soil > black lu soil > lou soil > yellow cinnamon soil, which indicated that the force and the heat-energy barrier to be overcome for diffusion decreased, the diffusion rate increased and the disorder of the soil-solution-ion system due to diffusion decreased successively with the texture becoming heavier in the four soils.
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| 关 键 词： | 活化焓 活化熵 氧化物 扩散 动力学 土壤 热力学 |
Diffusion of chloride ions in soils: II. Kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics |
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| XU Ming-Gang,Zhang Yi-Ping,LIU Wei-Ning.Diffusion of chloride ions in soils: II. Kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics[J].Pedosphere,1997,7(3):257-262. |
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| Authors: | XU Ming-Gang Zhang Yi-Ping and LIU Wei-Ning |
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| Institution: | Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China);Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China);Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China) |
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| Abstract: | The amounts of chloride ions diffused in four soils of different textures at the same water content under different temperature and at varied time were measured by the diffusion cell method using 36Cl-labelled CaCl2 solution. Five kinetic models were used to fit the dynamic process of the diffusion of chloride ions in the soils. It was found that Elovich equation or power function equation was the best model to describe the process. The pseudothermodynamic parameters, i.e. the net reaction energy, the activation entropy, activation enthalpy and activation free energy of the diffusion, were derived from the absolute reaction-rate theory. The results showed that these parameters decreased in the order of loessal soil > black lu soil > lou soil > yellow cinnamon soil, which indicated that the force and the heat-energy barrier to be overcome for diffusion decreased, the diffusion rate increased and the disorder of the soil-solution-ion system due to diffusion decreased successively with the texture becoming heavier in the four soils. |
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| Keywords: | activation enthalpy activation entropy chloride ion diffusion kinetics |
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