啤酒污泥堆肥不同施用方式对苹果苗生长和生理特性的影响

【目的】研究啤酒污泥堆肥在苹果上的最佳施用方式及其增产机理。【方法】采用盆栽试验方法，探讨啤酒污泥堆肥与土壤混合(H)、堆肥覆盖土壤表面 (F)、混合+覆盖(HF)3种施用方式对苹果苗生长、叶片生理特性以及根系形态的影响。【结果】啤酒污泥堆肥不同施用方式均能显著促进苹果苗的生长，H与HF处理在提高苹果苗干径、苗枝径、单叶片叶面积和单株叶面积方面效果更显著；不同施用方式下叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量、Pn均显著提高，叶绿素a/b和蒸腾速率均显著降低；啤酒污泥堆肥可增强叶片抗氧化酶活性并减少对叶片伤害，H和HF处理表现效果好于F处理；H、F和HF处理的根长、根表面积、根体积、根鲜重和根数量显著高于CK，啤酒污泥堆肥对苹果苗根有诱导和促进生长作用，以H和HF处理效果较好；H、F和HF处理的根系活力分别比CK增加了53.68%、40.50%、77.72%。【结论】在本试验条件下，啤酒污泥堆肥3种不同施用方式都能够促进苹果苗生长，改善叶片和根的各项生理指标。整体来看，HF处理综合了H、F处理的优点，是啤酒污泥堆肥较有效的施用方式。

Effects of Beer Sludge Compost on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Apple Seedlings with Different Application Methods

【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to research the best application pattern of beer sludge compost on apple trees and yield-increasing mechanism. 【Method】 The effects of beer sludge compost treated with three application methods including blending(H), mulching (F), blending and mulching (HF) on the growth of apple trees, leaf physiological characteristics and the root morphology. 【Result】The test results were as follows: The beer sludge compost with different application methods could significantly promote apple seedlings growth. H, HF treatments could significantly enhance dry stem diameter, branch diameter, leaf area per leaf, and leaf area per plant. Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, carotenoid content and Pn were significantly enhanced, chlorophyll a/b and transpiration rate were significantly reduced compared with CK. Beer sludge compost could enhance leaf antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce harm, H and HF treatments were better than F. Root length, root surface area, root volume, root fresh weight, and root number were significantly higher than CK with H, F, HF treatments. Apple seedlings roots growth could be induced and promoted with beer sludge compost, and H and HF treatments were better. The root vigor of H, F, and HF were, respectively, increased by 53.68%, 40.50%, and 77.72% compared with CK. 【Conclusion】The beer sludge compost was applied with three different methods could promote the growth of apple trees, and improve the physiological indexes of leaf and root. In the whole, HF treatment integrated the advantages of H and F treatments, and it was the most effective application method.