黑龙江省宾县农作物格局时空变化特征分析

【目的】农作物时空格局特征分析是微观层面农户农作物选择影响机制研究的基础。通过分析宾县乡镇尺度农作物格局的时空变化特征，为农作物种植结构变化机理机制研究提供依据。【方法】基于黑龙江省宾县1996—2010年乡镇级统计数据，运用数理统计和GIS空间分析等方法，分析宾县过去15年玉米、大豆、水稻3种主要粮食作物和经济作物播种面积数量变化及空间变化特征。【结果】1996—2010年宾县农作物总播种面积增加22.86%，主要是由粮食作物播种面积变化引起。粮食作物播种面积增加32.80%，经济作物减少52.84%，粮经比从88﹕12调整到96﹕4。玉米种植面积大幅增加73.82%，种植比例不断提高，大豆种植面积减少1.05%，水稻种植面积减少29.78%。主要粮食作物空间变化呈现较强的规律性，即玉米种植在全县范围内分布较均衡，大豆种植中心向东南部集中，水稻种植集中到宾县北部和西部地区。【结论】过去15年宾县农作物格局时空变化明显，分析掌握其变化特征，有助于进一步探究其变化的原因，为科学调整县域农作物种植结构、提升农业综合生产能力提供科学依据。

Temporal and Spatial Changes in Crop Patterns of Binxian County in Heilongjiang Province

【Objective】 Crop choice analysis from the individual farmer’s perspective requires a fundamental exploration on spatial-temporal characteristics of local crop pattern dynamics. This study primarily investigated such characteristics at Binxian County in order to provide insights to the subsequent driving force analysis of crop structure and pattern dynamics. 【Method】 By using Binxian County Statistical Dataset 1996-2000, mathematical statistics and GIS-based spatial analysis methods were adopted to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of major grain crops and cash crops in the local agricultural land system. 【Result】Analysis shows that the total cropland sowing area increased by 22.86% from 1996 to 2010, which is mainly contributed by the increase of grain crops. The sowing area of grain crops expanded by 32.80%, while the cash crops shrank by 52.84%. The ratio of grain crops to cash crops raised from 88:12 to 96:4. Maize area received a steadily increase by 73.82%, while by contrast, soybean and rice decreased by 1.05% and 29.78%, respectively. Although maize area distributed uniformly across the county, soybean area mainly distributed at the southeast and rice area mainly located at the north and west of the region. 【Conclusion】 The exploration on spatial-temporal characteristics of local crop pattern dynamics is necessary for the subsequent driving force analysis and it will help to provide scientific ways to adjust crop structure and to increase grain productivity.