供给侧改革与黑龙江大豆产业发展研究

黑龙江省是中国最大优质非转基因大豆主产区,年产量占全国的1/2左右。近年来黑龙江大豆产业陷入种植面积连年减少、产量大幅下降,产业逐渐萎缩的困境。大豆产业安全与否,事关中国农业物种、农业耕地及国民食品三大安全问题。《黑龙江省2016年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2017年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告》提出:"扩大水稻、大豆种植,减少玉米种植的种植业结构调整方针",这是贯彻中央政府"供给侧结构性改革"的实践版。搞好黑龙江农业供给侧结构改革,促进非转基因大豆民族产业发展,关系到黑龙江省农业现代化建设与安全。自国家提出农业供给侧结构改革后,黑龙江省政府及各级政府的农业管理部门纷纷采取措施鼓励农民缩减玉米种植,扩大大豆、水稻种植面积,使黑龙江省大豆种植面积大幅下滑趋势得到遏制,2016年大豆播种面积为312.5万hm~2,比2015年增加72.4万hm~2,增长30.2%,但仍未得到根本性扭转。为此,建议应采取制定大豆产业振兴规划,确保我省大豆产量、质量和种植面积;出台优惠政策,鼓励豆农种豆积极性;延长精深加工产业链条,提升我省大豆产业整体效益;调整贸易政策,确保我省大豆产业发展空间等措施,以此确保我省大豆产业安全、振兴。

Supply-Side Reform and Heilongjiang Soybean Industry Development Research

Heilongjiang province is the largest non-GMO soybean producing area with an annual output accounts for about half of China.In recent years,the soybean industry in Heilongjiang falls into a declining trend,production dropped sharply,and the industry gradually shrinking predicament.The safety of soybean industry is closely related with the safety of our country's agricultural species,agricultural arable land and national food.The' Report on the Implementation of the Plan for National Economic and Social Development in 2016 and the Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development in 2017 of Heilongjiang Province' proposed the planting industry structure adjustment policy to expand rice and soybean planting,and reduce the soybean planting.It is a practical version of implementing the' supply-side structural reform' of the central government.Promoting Heilongjiang agricultural supply-side structural reform and non-genetically modified soybean national industrial development are related to the agricultural modernization and security of Heilongjiang province.Since the country proposed the reform of the agricultural supply-side structure,the government of Heilongjiang province and the agricultural administrations at all levels of government have taken measures to encourage farmers to reduce corn planting and expand soybean and rice acreage.The sharp decline trend of soybean acreage in our province was contained.In 2016,the sown area of soybean was 312.5 hectares,which increased 724 000 hectares or 30.2％ over 2015,but it still has not been fundamentally reversed.Therefore,it is suggested that the revitalized plan for the development of the soybean industry should be taken to ensure theoutput,quality and planting area of soybean in our province,the introduction of preferential policies to encourage soybeanfarmers to plant soybeans,the extension of the intensive processing industry chain to enhance the overall efficiency of soybeanindustry in our province,and adjust trade policy to ensure soybean space for development and so on.These measures ensurethat the province's soybean industry safety and rejuvenation.