黄淮海南部夏玉米对氮、磷、钾亏缺的响应及基因型差异

以36个玉米品种为试材，设置正常施肥、缺氮、缺磷和缺钾4个大田处理，分析养分亏缺下玉米7个产量相关性状的变化，对玉米养分效率类型进行划分和评价。结果表明，氮、磷、钾亏缺条件下，7个性状均呈不同程度下降趋势，其中缺氮处理降幅最大。熵权模糊隶属函数法计算得到耐低氮、低磷、低钾综合评价D值范围分别为0.614～0.974、0.739～0.959、0.671～0.971，平均值分别为0.790、0.889、0.894。D值聚类分析表明，耐低钾型品种最多，其次是耐低磷型，耐低氮型品种最少，三者兼具品种4个。根据D值和正常施肥下子粒产量，筛选出高产耐低氮型品种8个，高产耐低磷型品种9个，高产耐低钾型品种15个，三者兼具品种1个。

Responses of Different Maize Varieties to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency in South of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

To identify and evaluate the nutrient efficiency type of maize, the field experiment including normal fertilization(NPK), no N fertilization(PK-N), no P fertilization(NK-P) and no K fertilization(NP-K) was carried out with 36 maize hybrids as test materials in South of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The results showed that under the deficiency of N, P and K, the seven characteristics showed a downward trend in varying degrees, with the largest decline in PK-N treatment. The comprehensive evaluation D value of PK-N, NK-P and NP-K treatments calculated by entropy weight fuzzy membership function method were 0.614-0.974, 0.739-0.959 and 0.671-0.971, respectively, and the average values were 0.790, 0.889 and 0.894, respectively. D value cluster analysis showed that the varieties with low K tolerance were the most, followed by the varieties with low P tolerance, and the varieties with low N tolerance were the least, with 4 varieties of both. According to D value and grain yield under NPK treatment, 8 varieties with high yield and low N tolerance, 9 varieties with high yield and low P tolerance, 15 varieties with high yield and low K tolerance, and 1 variety with both were selected.