枣树组织培养研究进展

概述了枣树的茎尖、芽和茎段培养、花药培养、原生质体培养、胚乳培养、离体叶培养等方面的主要进展,并针对枣树组织培养中存在的主要问题提出了今后的研究方向。快繁是枣树组培最成功的方面,以茎尖、芽或茎段为外植体已经建立了十几个品种的快繁体系,而且,应用茎尖培养和热处理相结合的方法得到了脱除枣疯病病原-植原体的无毒苗。应深入研究花药培养、原生质体培养、叶片培养、胚乳培养及胚培养,并尽快应用于枣树的转基因育种和倍性育种。特别是幼胚培养的研究应该进一步加强,从而解决因优良品种胚败育难以获得杂种后代的问题,实现枣树的杂交育种和遗传图谱的构建。

Advances in Tissue Culture of Chinese Jujube

The advances in tissue culture of Chinese jujube, including culture of shoot tip, stem segment, bud, anther, protoplast , leaf and endosperm, are reviewed. In addition, some important aspects about tissue culture of Chinese jujube that should be stressed on in the future are pointed out. Micropropagation, which was the most advanced aspect of tissue culture of Chinese jujube, of more than 10 cultivars had been successfully achieved based on explant of shoot tip, bud, or stem segment. Furthermore, pathogeny of jujube witches broom disease, phytoplasma, was eliminated by means of combination of shoot tip culture and heat treatment and phytoplasma-free plantlet was finally regenerated. Much more studies should be done on the employment of culture of anther, protoplast, leaf and endosperm to accelerate jujube breeding by transfer of gene and variation of chromosome ploidy. Especially, culture of immature embryo is urgent to deal with early embryo abortion of high quality cultivars, in order to obtain offspring for hybridization breeding and construction of genetic map.