表型组学研究进展及其在作物研究中的应用

表型组学是指在基因组水平上系统地研究某一生物或细胞在不同环境条件下所有表型的学科。随着植物表型获取技术和设备的不断完善，以及基因组学、蛋白组学、代谢组学、生物信息学和大数据计算技术的快速发展，高通量表型组学分析在种质资源鉴定、遗传图谱绘制、功能基因挖掘等方面发挥越来越大的作用。高通量表型组学研究正成为突破未来作物学研究和应用的关键领域，为作物遗传育种、栽培管理提供精准、高效的决策支持。因此，充分挖掘多组学信息，加快高通量表型研究对全面了解农作物基因型、表型和环境之间的关系，发现和揭示重要农艺性状调控基因和作为机制，促进作物功能基因组及作物遗传改良研究具有非常重要的意义。概述了表型组学的发展历程，并对当前表型组学主要研究平台和成像系统，及其在作物根系结构、冠层结构、生物和非生物胁迫研究中的应用进行了系统论述，旨在为农作物表型高通量获取和解析提供方法借鉴，加速表型组学研究方法在作物育种中的应用。

Advances in Phenomics and its Application in Crop Research

Phenomics refers to the systematic study at the genomic level of all the phenotypes of an organism or cell under a variety of different environmental conditions. With the continuous improvement of plant phenotype acquisition technology and equipment as well as the rapid development of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and big data computing technology, high-throughput phenomics analysis plays an increasingly important role in germplasm identification, genetic mapping, functional gene mining and other aspects. High-throughput phenomics research is becoming a key field to break through the future research and application of crop science, providing accurate and efficient decision support for crop breeding and cultivation management. Therefore, it is of great significance to fully exploit multi-omics information and accelerate high-throughput phenotypic studies to fully understand the relationship between crop genotypes, phenotypes and environment, to discover and reveal the regulatory genes and mechanisms of important agronomic traits and to promote the researches of crop functional genomes and crop genetic improvement. In this review, the phenotypic development of phenomics were summarized, the current phenomics research platform and imaging system and its application in crop root structure, canopy structure, biological and abiotic stress were systematically discussed, with a view to providing a reference for highthroughput acquisition and analysis of crop phenotypes and accelerating the application of phenomics in crop breeding.