渭北高原旱地春玉米不同种植模式水温效应及增产效益研究

为了寻求渭北早地春玉米高产高效的种植方式，选择了几种不同的种植模式，对其蓄水、温度效应及增产效益进行了研究。结果表明，旱地春玉米冬闲期，地表采用秸秆整株压倒覆盖或秸秆粉碎覆盖，与翻耕裸地相比，土壤水分损耗明显减少。播种时采用的4种方式中，以倒秆覆盖膜侧种植的保水、增温效应最好，膜侧水温协调，植株生长健壮、增产增收效益十分显著，是旱地春玉米高产高效最佳的种植模式；碎秆覆盖露地种植、倒秆覆盖露地种植，前期园地温稍低，植株生长较弱，但中后期植株长势明显好于翻耕露地种植，亦有一定的保水、增产增收效果且易于操作，也是早地春玉米高产高效种植的较好方式。该种植模式适用于渭北高原及同类地区。

Effects of different planting patterns on soil moisture, temperature and yield of spring maize on Weibei plateau

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different planting patterns on soil moisture, temperature and yield of spring maize on dryland. The results showed that the treatments of whole fallen-down stalk mulching and crushed stalk mulching cultivation decreased the water wastage significantly during the winter fallow period, as compared with the conventional pattern. Among the four planting patterns, the fallen-down stalk mulching beside plastic film was the best one to conserve water and rise ground temperature, and consequently to achieve high production and high economic benefits. As for the treatments of crushed stalk mulching and fallen-down stalk mulching, the soil temperature was lowered during the early growth period of maize, but in the latter period the plants grew much more flourishingly than that of the conventional pattern. To some extent, these two patterns were also effective in conserving water and increasing production benefits, and were more feasible in operation.