南昌郊区园林树种抗火性研究

[目的]为抗火性园林绿化树种的选择提供参考。[方法]在南昌西郊和北郊采集12个园林树种的不同器官（叶、枝、皮）,对其进行理化性状分析、实验室燃烧试验和抗火性试验,选择各树种的含水率、燃点、热值、粗灰分、粗脂肪、木质素、粗纤维、燃烧时间、火烧强度、树皮厚度、热辐射作用下树皮的质量剩余率和内表面升温速率及其生物生态学特性等17评价因子,应用灰色关联分析法对12种园林树种的抗火性进行综合评价。[结果]所采集的12种园林树种中抗火性强的树种有5个,由强至弱依次为乐昌含笑、大叶黄杨、珊瑚树、海桐、白玉兰;抗火性较强的有4个,由强至弱依次为女贞、含笑、夹竹桃、山茶;抗火性弱的有3个,由强至弱依次为巴东木连、桂花和红花檵木。[结论]在园林绿化树种选择中,除了要考虑树种的形态特征以外,树种的抗火性能是重要的选择依据。

Research on the Anti-fire of the Rree Species in the Garden of Nanchang Suburb

[Objective] The reference for the selection of the tree species with the anti-fire in landscape and forestation was provided through the test.[Method] The analysis of the physical and chemical property,the experiment in the Flammability in laboratory and the anti-fire of the different organs(leaf,branch,bark) of 12 garden trees collected from the western and northern suburb of Nanchang were conducted,and then,the anti-fire of 12 garden trees was comprehensive evaluated with the method of Grey Relational Analysis based on the analysis of 17 factors such as the content of moisture,fire point,heat value,ash,crude fat,lignin,crude fiber,burning time,burning intensity,bark thickness,remaining rate of the quality under thermal radiation,speed rate of the temperature-rising of inner surface,bio-ecological characteristics and others of the trees.[Result] There were 5 tree species with strongest ability in anti-fire in 12 ornamental trees and the order of their anti-fire was chapensis>Euonymus>japonicus>coral tree>Pittosporum>Magnolia;4 tree species with stronger ability in anti-fire and privet>smiling>oleander>camellia;and 3 tree species with the weakest ability in anti-fire and Padang>osmanthus>Loropetalum.[Conclusion] The anti-fire of tree species was the important basis in the selection of tree species in landscaping,in addition to the morphological characteristics.