皖北小麦主栽品种遗传多样性的系统聚类法分析

采用系统聚类分析法对淮北地区近50年来推广面积在6.67hm2以上的20个主栽小麦品种遗传差异进行了初步探讨。以株高、穗长、小穗数、小穗密度、千粒重、护颖长短、粒长和粒宽等农艺性状为依据，计算20个品种间遗传距离，采用类平均分析法对供试材料进行聚类分析。结果表明：供试的20个品种共划分为8个类群，Ⅰ类为扬麦12、皖麦47；Ⅱ类为皖麦33；Ⅲ类为皖麦48、阜麦938、济麦21、皖麦44、皖麦55、荔高6号、豫麦49ck2、浏虎98、豫农035、百农AK58；Ⅳ类为豫麦49、皖麦38；Ⅴ类为郑麦366、衡观35；Ⅵ类为皖麦50；Ⅶ类皖蒙118；Ⅷ类为豫麦70。划分结果与系谱分析基本一致，并把系谱来源不清的品种划分到相应的杂种优势群。形态学形状检测是研究品种间遗传差异的一种方法，可为小麦育种亲本选配提供初步的理论依据。

Genetic Diversity Detected by Cluster Analysis North of Anhui Major Wheat cultivars

Genetic variation is the basis for genetic improvement and plant breeding. This study aimed to estimate the genetic variation by cluster analysis among 20 cultivars of wheat, which has been popularized above 6.67hm2 per year in North Anhui last 50 years. Genetic distance based on the agronomic characters of plant height, panicle length, per panicle, panicle setting density, one thousand grains weight, the coat length, grain length and grain width was calculated and clustered using the unweighted pair-group method Arithmetic Averages(UPGMA). The results showed that 20 cultivars could be classified into eight groups. Group I consists of yang wheat12, wan wheat47; GroupⅡconsists of wan wheat33; Group Ⅲ consists of wan wheat48, fu wheat938, ji wheat21, wan wheat44, wan wheat55, li gao 6,yu wheat 49ck2, liu hu 98, yu nong 035, bai nongAK58; GroupⅣconsists of yu wheat49, wan wheat38; GroupⅤ consists of zheng wheat 366, heng guan35; GroupⅥ consists of wan wheat50; GroupⅦ consists of wan meng118; GroupⅧ consists of yu wheat70. The results were consistent with the grouping based on the available pedigree data. Moreever, cultivars with unkonwn pedigree were assigned to the established heterotic groups. The phenotypes can be applied in classifing cultivars. The study initially provides useful information for the selection of parents in the development of wheat cultivars and hybrids as well.