中国主要农作物化肥用量估算

为探求和估算我国主要农作物化肥用量,本文分析了30多年来我国农作物化肥使用现状和不同类型农作物的化肥使用情况。结果发现我国农作物化肥使用量增长迅速,从1980年的1 269.4万t增长到2014年的5 995.9万t,增长了4.7倍,年均增长率为4.67%。谷类作物化肥用量仍然是农作物化肥使用总量的主要贡献者,其化肥用量从1980年2 712.41万t增加到2014年的3 415.35万t,但其所占农作物化肥总用量的比重却下降明显,从60.02%(1998年)降至49.75%(2014年)。蔬菜和水果的化肥用量增长最为迅速,其中蔬菜化肥用量1998年为604.51万t,2014年增加到1 291.36万t,增加了2.1倍,其化肥用量占农作物化肥总用量从1998年的13.38%增加至2014年的18.81%;水果化肥用量1998年为531.55万t,至2014年增加到1 223.42万t,增加了2.4倍,其化肥用量占农作物化肥总用量从1998年的11.76%增长到2014年的17.82%。同时,我国不同区域化肥用量差异较大,从化肥施用总量来看,大体上呈现从东到西的递减趋势,其中华东地区和华中地区用量较高,从单位面积化肥用量来看,呈现从东到西递减趋势,同时从南到北也呈现了递减趋势,用量较高区为华南和华东地区。

Estimation of Fertilizer Usage from Main Crops in China

In order to seek and estimate the fertilizer application from main crops in China, this paper analyzed the current use of fertilizer, as well as the use of fertilizer in different crops for more than 30 years. We found that the crop fertilizer usage was growing from 12.694 million tons in 1980 to 59.959 million tons in 2014, with the overall raise of 4.7 times, and an annual growth rate of 4.67%. Fertilizer usage from cereal crop contributed the most to the total use, with the fertilizer application from 27.1241 million tons in 1980 to 34.1535 million tons in 2014, but the ratio of its fertilizer usage to the total fertilizer consume from crops in China decreased from 60.02%in 1998 to 49.75%in 2014. The fertilizer application from vegetable and fruit crops grew most rapidly, with an raise of 2.1 times from vegetables crops, increasing from 6.0451 million tons in 1998 to 12.9136 million tons in 2014, and its ratio to the total fertilizer application in crops from 13.38%in 1998 to 18.81%in 2014. The fertilizer application from fruit increased from 5.3155 million tons in 1998 to 12.2342 million tons in 2014, increasing by 2.4 times compared with that in 1998, and its ratio to the total fertilizer application from crops increased from 11.76%in 1998 to 17.82%in 2014. In addition, according to our study, great regional differences in the gross amount of fertilizer usage were found, with a decreasing trend from east to west, with the highest usage in East China and Central China. In accordance with the per unit use of fertilizer, it decreased from east to west, the same from south to north, with the highest fertilizer application in South China and East China.