水产养殖尾水初沉区中净化材料的应用对微生物酶活性的影响

通过检测除氮型改性凹凸棒土（Al@TCAP-N）和火山石的内部及周围水体有关氮、磷、有机物分解的酶活性和水质指标，利用高通量测序对材料和水体中的细菌和真菌进行分析，以研究尾水处理系统初沉区中水质净化材料处理尾水营养盐的机制。结果表明，Al@TCAP-N和火山石能增加其周围水体微生物碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、硝酸盐还原酶（Nar）活性；火山石能在早期（0~6 h）提高其内部有机磷水解酶（OPH）、氨单加氧酶（AMO）的活性；Al@TCAP-N能在后期（36~48 h）增加其内部脱氢酶（DHO）的活性；净化材料相互对比发现，火山石内部的酶活性整体高于Al@TCAP-N内部的酶活性；本试验表明水质处理最佳时间为36 h，总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）的去除率分别为22.61%、9.52%和22.16%。在实际应用过程中，可通过Al@TCAP-N的吸附和火山石负载的微生物的双重作用降低水中营养盐的含量。浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、变形菌门（Protepbacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）分别是材料表面微生物细菌和真菌中的主要门类。火山石能在净化初期促进有机磷化合物分解和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）转化为亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N），Al@TCAP-N在净化后期促进有机物的分解。Al@TCAP-N和火山石能促进水体中含磷化合物的分解和氮的转化。

Microbial functional enzyme activities in water purification material in the precipitation treatment area of aquaculture wastewater systems

To study the mechanism underlying water purification with specific materials in the precipitation treatment area of wastewater treatment systems, the enzyme activities, water quality indicators, and the major categories of bacteria and fungi in the surrounding water bodies and in the two purification materials, nitrogen-modified attapulgite(Al@TCAP-N)and volcanic rocks, were evaluated. The enzyme activities were related to the nitrogen and phosphorus contents, as well as to the decomposition of organic matter. The results showed that Al@TCAP-N and volcanic stone increased the microbial alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and nitrate reductase(Nar) activities in the surrounding water. Volcanic stone promoted the activities of internal organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH)and ammonia monooxygenase (AMO)during the early stages of treatment(0~6 h). Al@TCAP-N increased the internal dehydrogenase(DHO)activity in the later period (36~48 h). The enzymatic activities of microorganisms in volcanic stone were higher than of those in Al@TCAP-N. The optimal time for water treatment was 36 h, and the removal rates of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), and permanganate were 22.61%, 9.52%, 22.16%, respectively. In the actual application process, the levels of harmful pollutants in the water could be reduced by the dual effects of adsorption by Al@TCAP-N and the action of microorganisms present in volcanic rocks. Planctomycetes, Protepbacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chytridiomycota were the major bacterial and fungal phyla present in the purification materials. Treatment with the Al@TCAP-N and volcanic rock promoted the decomposition of phosphorus compounds and the conversion of nitrogen in water. Volcanic stone promoted the decomposition of organic phosphorus compounds and the conversion of nitrate nitrogen(NO₃^--N)to nitrous nitrogen(NO₂^--N)during the early stages of purification. Al@TCAP-N promoted the decomposition of organic matter during the later stages of purification.