云南干热河谷葡萄园土壤肥力特征与初步评价

为明晰云南干热河谷葡萄园土壤肥力状况,采集该地4个葡萄生产基地县的典型葡萄园0~40 cm土层的土壤样品,分析其养分含量,并运用改进后的Nemerow综合指数法定量评价土壤肥力。结果表明:云南干热河谷葡萄园土壤p H平均6.21,适宜葡萄种植;有机质含量2.93%,属一般水平;全氮含量0.17%,属较高水平,全磷含量0.09%,全钾含量1.44%,各采样区土壤全量养分含量差异不显著;碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为229.50、78.04、351.38 mg/kg,均属高水平;有效锌、有效铁和有效锰含量分别为4.65、61.46、36.86mg/kg,均属高水平,有效硼含量为0.91 mg/kg,属中等水平。改进的Nemerow肥力综合指数评价结果显示,土壤综合肥力等级为Ⅰ级,即肥沃水平。土壤全磷、全钾和有效锰的肥力指数均为Ⅱ级,其他指标肥力指数均达到Ⅰ级,其中有效磷钾的肥力指数较高。这表明,云南干热河谷葡萄园土壤肥力水平较高,应适当控制氮磷钾肥施用量,防止养分过量流失,增施锰肥,促进土壤养分平衡。

Soil Fertility Status and Evaluation of Vineyard in Dry-hot Valley,Yunnan

In order to clarify soil fertility characteristics of vineyards in dry-hot valley, Yunnan. Soil nutrient were detected in Binchuan, Yongsheng, Yuanjiang and Jianshui in Yunnan. Soil fertility was evaluated in the way of Nemerow. The results showed that Soil pH was 6.21, and it was suitable for planting gape. The content of soil organic matter was 2.93%at general level. The content of total nitrogen was 0.17% at high level. Total phosphorus was 0.09%, total potassium was 1.44%. Soil total nutrients were not different among vineyards sites. The content of available nitrogen was 229.50mg/kg, content of Olsen-P was 78.04 mg/kg, content of available potassium was 351.38 mg/kg at high level. Content of available zinc was 4.65 mg/kg, content of iron was 61.46 mg/kg, content of available manganese was36.86 mg/kg at high level. Content of available boron was 0.91 mg/kg at middle level. Comprehensive fertility index of Nemerow indicated that soil fertility grade was Ⅰ, soil was rich. Soil fertility grade of total phosphorus, total potassium and available manganese were Ⅱ, and others wereⅠ. Fertility index of available phosphorus and available potassium were big. This indicated that soil fertility grade of vineyards in valley of Yunnan. For preventing nitrogen and potassium to run off, the quantities of nitrogen and potassium were controlled to use in vineyards. It is necessary to add the quantity of manganese fertility for promoting nutrient to keep balance.