山竹果皮提取物农药活性研究

探索山竹果皮提取物在农业中的杀虫抗菌活性,为新型植物源农药的开发提供理论依据。采用浸叶法测定山竹果皮乙醇、石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇等5种提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫拒食和毒杀活性;以生长速率法测定这5种提取物对12种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。结果显示:山竹果皮提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫均具有一定的拒食及毒杀作用,以氯仿提取物的拒食活性最高,其24和48 h拒食率分别为72.51%和65.75%;而毒杀作用以石油醚提取物最强,其处理5 d后,斜纹夜蛾的校正死亡率为53.70%。抑菌试验显示山竹氯仿提取物对芒果炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌和芒果蒂腐病菌等4种植物病原真菌具有明显抑制菌丝生长作用,其EC50值分别为0.230 5、0.429 3、0.265 2和0.390 1 mg/m L。由此说明,山竹果皮提取物具有良好的杀虫抗菌活性,基于山竹产物开发新型植物源农药具有潜在的利用价值。

Pesticide Activity of the Extracts from the Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana Linn

The insecticidal and antifungal activities of the extracts from the mangosteen pericarp was evaluated to provide some evidence for new botanical pesticides development. The extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were isolated from ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp. Insecticidal effects of five different polar extracts against the third instar larvae of Prode nia litura Fab. was conducted by the method of leaf dipping and antifungal activity of the extracts against several phytopathogenic fungi were assessed using mycelium growth rate assay. The results indicated that these extracts had larvicidal and antifeedant activities. Among antifeedant activity the chloroform extract at 1 mg/mL was the most significant with antifeedant rate values of 72.51% and 65.75% for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Besides, the petroleum ether extract exhibited the most significant larvicidal activity, the corrected mortality of the larvae was 53.70% after treated 5 days. For the antifungal activity, the chloroform extract against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Botrytis cinerea and Botryodiplodia theobromae, respectively corresponded to the EC50 values of 0.230 5, 0.429 3, 0.265 2 and 0.390 1 mg/mL, had stronger antifungal effect than other's extracts. The extracts of Garcinia mangostana exhibited receivable insecticidal and antifungal activity and should be explored for Their potential as botanical pesticide.