植物凋落物分解对土壤有机碳稳定性影响的研究进展

凋落物是植物向土壤输入有机碳的主要途径,源于凋落物的碳一部分以CO₂的形式散失到大气,另一部分以有机碳的形式输入到土壤中,在土壤微生物的作用下经过一系列的周转参与稳定有机质的形成。但土壤作为“黑箱”,凋落物向土壤有机碳转移的过程和作用机理仍不明确。结合国内外该研究领域的主要成果,简要介绍了植物凋落物分解的研究方法、土壤有机碳组分及土壤有机碳稳定性,并从植物凋落物分解对土壤有机碳及其组分、土壤呼吸和激发效应、土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响以及植物-土壤-微生物相互作用过程对有机碳稳定性的影响等方面进行概述,厘清植物凋落物分解与土壤稳定有机碳形成的关系,并提出了未来该领域亟待关注的研究方向和研究内容。

Advances in Effects of Plant Litter Decomposition on the Stability of Soil Organic Carbon

Litter is the main way for plants to import organic carbon into the soil.Part of the carbon from the litter is lost into the atmosphere in the form of CO₂,and the other part is input into the soil in the form of organic carbon.Under the action of soil microorganisms,the litter-derived carbon undergoes a series of processes to participate in the formation of stable organic matter.However,the soil is a black box,and the process and mechanism of the transfer of litter to soil organic carbon are still unclear.This article combines the main results of this research field at home and abroad,and briefly introduces the research methods of plant litter decomposition,soil organic carbon components and soil organic carbon stability,and summarizes the effects of plant litter decomposition on soil organic carbon and its components,soil respiration,priming effects,and soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity and the effect of plant-soil-microorganism interaction process on the stability of organic carbon.The relationship between plant litter decomposition and the formation of stable soil organic carbon is clarified.The future urgently needed research directions and research content in this field are pointed out.