精准扶贫背景下普惠金融的减贫增收效应与机制分析——基于粤东西北地区12市的实证研究

随着精准扶贫战略的推进,我国如期完成了脱贫攻坚目标任务,在"后扶贫"时代,巩固脱贫成果和助力乡村振兴需要普惠金融发挥更大作用。本文在测度精准扶贫时期粤东西北地区12市普惠金融发展水平的基础上,运用固定效应分位数回归模型、中介效应模型实证分析普惠金融的减贫增收效应与机制。研究发现:普惠金融发展能够促进农村居民减贫增收,且对农村低收入水平群体的减贫增收效应要大于中高收入水平群体。但是对于农村低收入水平群体,减贫增收效应主要通过经济增长的中介效应来实现。为此,提出改善普惠金融供给结构、优化供给方式,深化发展"普惠金融+产业项目"的产融结合扶贫模式和提高农村居民的金融素质等政策建议。

Effect and Mechanism of Inclusive Finance on Poverty Reduction and Income Increase under the Background of Targeted Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Study of 12 Cities in the Eastern,Western and Northern Guangdong

With the advancement of targeted poverty alleviation, our country has completed the goal of poverty alleviation on schedule. In the post-poverty era, consolidating poverty alleviation achievements and deepening targeted poverty alleviation require inclusive finance to play a greater role.Based on the measurement of the development level of inclusive finance in 12 cities in the eastern,western and northern Guangdong during the period of targeted poverty alleviation, this paper uses the fixed effect quantile regression model and the mediating effect model to empirically analyze the poverty reduction and income increase effect and mechanism of inclusive finance. The main conclusions are as follows: inclusive finance development is conducive to poverty reduction and income increase of rural residents, which affects more on rural low-income groups compared with middle and high-income groups. But for rural low-income groups, the effect of poverty reduction and income increase is mainly achieved through the intermediary effect of economic growth. Consequently, this paper puts some policy suggestions forward such as improving the supply structure combined with optimizing the supply mode of inclusive finance, deepening the development of the poverty alleviation mode of “inclusive finance + industrial projects” and improving the financial quality of rural residents.