吉林省农作物虚拟水时间演化与空间重构研究

虚拟水从植物累计蒸发蒸腾量的角度对农作物耗水量进行测算,更贴近农业的实际耗水量。运用虚拟水理论、ArcGIS标准差椭圆分析方法和空间重构模型,对2000年、2005年、2010年、2017年吉林省县域地区6种主要农作物虚拟水空间布局及其特征进行了分析。从农业水-土资源空间匹配视角,提出了农业虚拟水空间重构的3种主要模式。结果表明:(1)2000年以来吉林省农作物虚拟水总量呈明显上升趋势,由147.46亿m³,上升到2017年的247.95亿m³;(2)吉林省单位面积农作物虚拟水由东到西呈逐渐增加趋势;(3)吉林省农业虚拟水和播种面积空间重心均位于长春市区,但虚拟水空间重心位于播种面积的西部;(4)吉林省农作物单位面积虚拟水由高到低,依次为水稻、葵花籽、玉米、烟叶、蔬菜、大豆。若要实现农业水、土资源的空间匹配,需结合区域自然气候条件,农作物耗水量区域差异等多方面因素,对吉林县域农作物种植结构与布局进行优化和调整。

Study on Temporal Evolution and Spatial Reconstruction of Crop Virtual Water in Jilin Province

Virtual water measures crop water consumption from the point of view of plant cumulative evapotranspiration,which is closer to actual water consumption of agriculture.In this paper,virtual water theory,ArcGIS standard deviational ellipse method and spatial reconstruction model were used to evaluate spatial distribution and its characteristics of crops virtual water in Jilin Province in 2000,2005,2010 and 2017.At last,the paper proposed three main models of agricultural virtual water spatial reconstruction from the perspective of spatial matching of agricultural water and soil resources.The results showed that:(1)the total amount of crop virtual water in Jilin Province had been on the rise since 2000,it increased from 14.746 billion m³ in 2000 to 24.795 billion m³ in 2017;(2)there were big regional differences of crop virtual water per unit area among eastern,central and western Jilin,crop virtual water per unit area showed gradually increasing trend from east to west;(3)the spatial gravity centers of both agricultural virtual water and crop sown area in Jilin Province were located in Changchun urban area,but the spatial gravity center of virtual water was located in the west of crop sowing area;(4)the virtual water quantity per unit area of main crops in Jilin Province decreased in the order:rice>sunflower>maize>tobacco>vegetable and soybean.In order to achieve the spatial matching of agricultural water and soil resources,it is necessary to optimize and adjust the cropping structure and layout of crops according to regional natural climate conditions,regional differences in crop water consumption and other factors.