生态修复措施对干旱半干旱地区生态系统服务影响研究——以河北坝上地区为例

为了揭示生态修复措施对干旱半干旱地区生态系统服务的影响,以对生态可持续发展提供决策参考,基于典型的干旱半干旱地区——河北坝上地区2000年、2018年土地利用数据以及4种与生态修复措施对应的情景,结合InVEST模型分析了生态修复措施对该区3个重要的生态系统服务(水源涵养、生境质量、碳储量)的影响。结果显示:(1) 2000—2018年坝上地区土地利用变化以草地大量缩减以及林地显著扩张为主(>500 km²),期间,水源涵养量下降7.03%,碳储量、生境质量分别增长2.82%,1.29%;(2)相比林地缓冲带、植树造林情景,开垦荒地和综合发展情景对上述3个生态系统服务的提高更为显著;(3)水源涵养、碳储量均与生境质量呈较强协同作用(r>0.42),碳储量与水源涵养呈较弱协同作用(r<0.24)。综上分析,生态修复措施能够提高坝上地区生态系统服务的供给,但以造林为主的生态修复方式在干旱半干旱地区仍需谨慎实施。

Impact of Ecological Restoration Measures on Ecosystem Services in Arid and Semi-arid Area-A Case Study of the Bashang Area in Hebei Province

To reveal the impacts of ecological restoration measures on ecosystem services and contribute to scientific policy-makings for the ecological management in arid and semi-arid area,based on the land use data of Bashang area in the period 2000—2018 and four future land use scenarios,this study quantified and mapped the changes in land use and three important ecosystem services(water conservation,carbon storage,and habitat quality)in different scenarios using InVEST model.The results showed that:(1)during 2000—2018,the land use changes were characterized by grassland shrinkage and woodland expansion(>500 km 2);at the same period,water conservation moderately decreased by approximately 7.03%,and carbon storage and habitat quality slightly increased by 2.82%and 1.29%,respectively;(2)compared with base scenario,riparian woodland buffer and planting trees scenarios performed worse than reclaiming wasteland and integrated development scenarios on ecosystem services provisions;(3)the trade-offs and synergies among three ecosystem services showed that there were strong synergy relationships between water conservation and habitat quality,as well as carbon storage and habitat quality(r>0.42).Besides,there was a low positive correlation between water conservation and carbon storage(r<0.24).Overall,ecological restoration measures played an important role in enhancing the ecosystem services in the Bashang area,but afforestation-driven ecological restoration in the arid and semi-arid area should be carried out with extreme caution.