北方旱作农业区蓄水保墒耕作模式研究

分析了北方旱作农业的现状,提出了适合东北垄作区的三年轮耕法和西北黄土高原区的自然降水高效利用技术,并对其进行了试验。东北耕法：秸秆还田使土壤含水率提高10%,土壤有机质3年提高0.06个百分点,土壤容积密度降低0.09g/cm^3,深松使0-100cm土层土壤含水率提高26.2%,少耕精播土壤含水率提高3个百分点;西北新耕法：冬小麦蓄水率提高18.5%,水分生产效率提高25.6%;春玉米在0-10cm土层,含水率提高30%,水分生产效率提高47.6%。2年连续秸秆还田试验,有机质质量分数增加0.05%-0.1%,全氮质量比增加0.1g/kg左右。

Overview of Study on the Tillage Mode of Water Storage and Soil Moisture Conservation for Dry Farming Region in Northern China

The present status of dry farming in northern China was analyzed and a three-year rotation tillage method suitable for the ridged cultivation region of northeastern China and the techniques for efficient utilization of natural rainfall in the Loess Plateau region of northwestern China was put forward. The tests conducted in the northeast showed that stalk mulching increased the percentage of soil moisture content by 10% and the content of soil organic matter by 0.06 percentage point after three years, decreased the volume density of soil by 0.09 g/cma, chiseling increased the percentage of soil moisture content by 26.2%, and less tillage increased the percentage of soil moisture content by 3 percentage point. The tests conducted in the northwest showed that for winter wheat, the percentage of water storage increased by 18.5%; for spring corn, the percentage of soil moisture content increased by 30%. The stalk mulching tests for two years showed that the content of soil organic matter increased by 0. 05%-0. 1% and the content of total nitrogen increased by about 0. 1 g/kg.