油菜铺膜打孔播种机滚动式割膜打孔装置设计与试验

针对现有油菜播种膜上成穴打孔装置实际作业过程中存在膜孔尺寸偏大、形状不规则及膜孔粘连等问题,基于滑切原理设计了一种滚动式割膜打孔装置,确定了打孔装置和仿形机构结构参数,建立了打孔装置运动学模型,分析确定了影响膜孔长度的主要因素及其取值范围。运用DEM-MFBD耦合仿真,采用三因素三水平回归正交试验,以整机前进速度、纵向刀片长度、纵向刀片高度为试验因素,膜孔长度和孔距差值为评价指标进行仿真试验,结果表明：各因素对膜孔长度的影响由大到小依次为纵向刀片长度、整机前进速度、纵向刀片高度,各因素对孔距差值的影响由大到小依次为纵向刀片高度、整机前进速度、纵向刀片长度。整机前进速度为3.3 km/h、纵向刀片长度为34 mm、纵向刀片高度为31 mm时,膜孔长度为44.78 mm、孔距差值为0.64 mm,打孔性能较优。以较优参数组合开展了滚动式割膜打孔装置田间试验,结果表明膜孔平均长度为43.15 mm,膜孔长度稳定性变异系数为3.86%,平均孔距差值为-1.32 mm,膜孔孔距误差为4.22%,满足油菜播种割膜打孔要求,该研究可为油菜铺膜播种机割膜打孔装置提供参考。

Design and Experiment of Rolling Film Cutting and Hole Punching Device for Rapeseed Seeder with Film Mulching and Perforating

In view of the problems existing in the actual operation process of the film hole forming device for rapeseed seeding, such as the excessive size of the hole, the irregular shape of the hole and the adhesion of the hole, etc., based on the principle of sliding cutting, a rolling film cutting and hole punching device was designed, the structural parameters of the perforating device and profiling mechanism were determined, and the kinematics model of the perforating device was established, the main factors affecting the film hole length and the range of its value were determined. Using DEM-MFBD coupling simulation, three factors and three levels regression orthogonal test, the simulation test was carried out with the forward speed of the whole machine, the length of the longitudinal blade and the height of the longitudinal blade as the test factors, the film hole length and the hole distance difference as the evaluation index. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the influence of each factor on the length of the film hole was the length of the longitudinal blade, the forward speed of the whole machine and the height of the longitudinal blade. The primary and secondary order of the influence of each factor on the hole spacing difference was the height of the longitudinal blade, the forward speed of the whole machine and the length of the longitudinal blade. When the forward speed of the whole machine was 3.3km/h, the length of the longitudinal blade was 34mm, and the height of the longitudinal blade was 31mm, the film hole length was 44.78mm, and the hole distance difference was 0.64mm, the punching performance was better. The field experiment of rolling film cutting and punching device was carried out with the optimal parameter combination. The results showed that the average length of the film hole was 43.15mm, the coefficient of variation of the stability of the film hole length was 3.86%, the average hole distance difference was -1.32mm, and the film hole distance error was 4.22%, which met the requirements of film cutting and drilling for rapeseed sowing. The research result can provide reference for film cutting and punching device for rapeseed sowing.