蟹塘梳草船驱动系统设计与试验

水草管理是河蟹养殖的重要环节，为降低水草收集设备操控劳动强度，降低人员使用量，研发梳草船的风机驱动系统。该驱动系统主要由风机叶片、防护装置、支架、电机、减速传动和防水密封罩等组成。通过CFD流体仿真计算并验证实体船的阻力情况，进行风机选型，其额定功率为1 100 W，工作电压48 V，叶片最大宽度100 mm，叶根倾斜角28°，设计具有自锁功能的转向系统。使用该驱动系统在河蟹养殖塘进行测试表明：48 V/24 Ah动力电池下其连续工作时间为1.5 h；无水草情况下空载和满载船速分别为1.14和0.43 m/s；轻度水草（水草顶端距离水面>3 cm且<8 cm）情况下空载和满载的最大船速分别为1.06和0.26 m/s；密集水草（水草顶端距离水面≤3 cm）情况下空载和满载的最大船速分别为0.71和0.12 m/s，同时可以保持前进姿态持续打捞水草；平均转弯半径1.2 m。现场应用表明该驱动系统满足蟹塘实际水草环境下梳草船的驱动需求，单位时间内与人工清理水草质量相比提高94.3%，为实现自动化水草管理打下了基础。

Design and test of aquatic plants comb-collect boat driving system

Aquatic weed management is an important part of river crab farming, in order to reduce the labor intensity of aquatic weed collection equipment control and reduce the use of personnel, the fan drive system of the grass combing boat was developed. The drive system is mainly composed of fan blades, protective devices, brackets, motors, reduction drives and waterproof sealing covers. Through CFD fluid simulation, the resistance of the real ship was calculated and verified, and the fan was selected, with a rated power of 1100w, a working voltage of 48v, a maximum blade width of 100mm, and a blade root inclination angle of 28°. The test in the river crab breeding pond showed that the continuous working time was 1.5 hours under 48v, 24Ah power battery, and the unloaded and fully loaded boat speeds were 1.14m/s and 0.43m/s respectively in the absence of anhydrous weeds. The maximum speed of unloaded and fully loaded vessels was 1.06m/s and 0.26m/s respectively under the condition of mild aquatic weeds (the top of aquatic plants is >3cm and <8cm from the water surface). Under the condition of severe aquatic plants (the top of aquatic plants is <3cm from the water surface), the maximum speed of unloaded and fully loaded boats is 0.71m/s and 0.12m/s, respectively, and at the same time, it can maintain a forward posture and continue to salvage aquatic plants. With an average turning radius of 1.2 meters, it works normally in rainy conditions for ten consecutive days in the pond. The on-site application shows that the drive system meets the driving needs of the combing boat in the actual aquatic weed environment of the crab pond, and the weight of the aquatic weed is increased by 94.3% per unit time compared with the manual cleaning of the aquatic weed, laying the foundation for the realization of automatic aquatic weed management.