草地蝗虫吸捕机的发展及新式吸嘴的设计

草地蝗虫吸捕机采用直吸式吸嘴,吸捕率低。在对原直吸式吸嘴、特别是在对吹吸气流进行理论分析的基础上,结合蝗虫在吸捕时的跳跃躲避特性以及对蝗虫悬浮速度的试验测定,设计了吹吸式吸嘴。并对吹吸式吸嘴与直吸式吸嘴进行了对比试验。结果表明:吹吸式吸嘴可将吸口气流速度从原来直吸的20 m/s降低为14 m/s,可减轻后续设备的负荷;与具有相同吸口气流速度的直吸式吸嘴相比,吸吸式吸嘴轴向、径向吸捕距离分别延长0.5~1倍,负压吸捕区增大1~2倍,能够对更大范围的蝗虫进行有效吸捕,提高吸捕率。

Development of the Pneumatic Grassland Locust Suction Trap Machine and the Design of the New Suction Mouth

In views of the drawback that chemical pesticides polluted environment and damaged ecology in the course of the prevention and control of locust,the pneumatic grassland locust suction trap machine was designed.It was a new kind of machine for plant protection.The pneumatic grassland locust suction trap machine adopted the direct suction,so its suction trap rate was lower.It was essential to design a suction mouth with high suction trap rate.The push-pull suction mouth was designed.Compared with the previous direct suction,the experiment results showed:(1) The airflow speed of suction mouth was decreased from 20 m/s to 14 m/s,which can reduce burden of subsequent equipments.(2) Compared with the direct suction mouth,the axial and radial dimensions were extended to 1.5～2 times of the previous suction trap dimensions,and the negative pressure suction trap field was enlarged to 2～3 times of the previous negative pressure suction trap field.Locusts in the enlarged negative pressure field were effectively sucked,so efficiency of suction trap was greatly improved.