滦河流域生态系统健康评价研究

总结了国内外对流域生态系统进行健康评价的实践,以生态系统健康理论和“压力—状态—响应”模型为基础,构建了滦河流域(内蒙古山区部分)的生态系统健康评价指标体系。采用层次分析法进行的综合评价结果表明:滦河流域生态环境健康状态得分为0.82,健康指数为0.48。滦河流域应加强水土保持,减少土壤侵蚀;加大围栏育草、禁牧、休牧、轮牧等力度,治理沙化草场,恢复植被;降低单位面积农药施用量,以减少流域非点源污染;减少对流域内湿地的围垦和破坏;有计划地恢复河滨湿地生态系统,促进河流生态功能恢复。

Study and Evaluation on Health of Ecosystem of Luanhe River Basin

Health evaluation of river basin ecosystem has an important significance in the management and protection of a basin.The paper summarizes the practices of health evaluation of river basin ecosystem both at home and abroad and establishes an index system of ecosystem health evaluation of Luanhe River basin(mountainous region in Inner Mongolia) by taking the theory of ecosystem health and "pressure-state-response" model as a basis.The results evaluated comprehensively by the method of stratification analysis show that the scores of health status of Luanhe River basin(mountainous region in Inner Mongolia) is 0.82 and health index 0.48.The Luanhe River basin(mountainous region in Inner Mongolia) should strengthen the works of soil and water conservation and reduce soil and water loss;increase the momentum of fenced grass,prohibition of grazing,close grazing and rotation grazing,manage the desertification meadow and rehabilitate vegetation;reduce the unit area amount of application of pesticide for reducing non-point pollution of the basin;reduce reclamation and destruction to the wetlands in the basin and;rehabilitate the ecosystem of wetlands on the riverside in a planned way and promote the rehabilitation of ecological functions of rivers.