根域限制对幼年桃树生长发育的影响

【目的】利用根域限制技术控制高密栽培条件下桃树生长，对适宜的根域限制方式和根域体积进行研究。【方法】以华光油桃为试材，观察了槽式、抬高式和箱筐式等限根方式对栽植后3年内桃地上部营养生长和生殖生长的影响。【结果】不同方式限根对地上部营养生长都有抑制作用，表现为生物量和冬季修剪量减少、新梢长度和粗度下降；当根域体积大于150 L，限根对幼年桃树干高、干径、树冠大小的影响不明显；抬高式和箱筐式比槽式对生长影响大；在限根当年没有观察到限根对成花的促进作用，第2年促进花芽形成；适度限根可提高坐果率、增加产量，果实大小和SCC不受影响，但限根过度则起抑制作用。【结论】在对适宜的限根方式和根域体积进行讨论的基础上，认为，在株行距为1 m×2 m的高密条件下，华光油桃的根域体积以100～150 L为宜,槽式栽培的根域体积可适当偏小。

Effects of Restricted Root Volume on Growth and Development of Young Peach Trees

【Objective】The root restriction method and root volume were studied in order to control the growth of peach in high density orchard. 【Method】The effects of root confinement on the vegetative and reproductive growth of young peach trees, nectarine Huaguang, were investigated during the first 3 years after planted in buried bed, raised bed and box, respectively. 【Result】Root confinement inhibited the vegetative growth of the above-ground parts. The biomass and weight of winter pruning decreased as well as the length and diameter of shoot with root confinements. Root confinement had no noticeable effects on the height, trunk diameter and canopy size of trees if root volume was bigger than 150 L. Trees grown in raised bed and box had smaller vegetative vigor than those in fabric-lined trench. The improvement of flower formation was observed in the second season after treatment but not in the first season. Proper root volume increased fruit-set rate and yield without affecting fruit size and SCC. But too small root volume reduced those indexes.【Conclusion】The proper root volume and root restriction method were discussed and the volume 100-150 L for peach Huaguang in high density (1 m×2 m) was recommended. The root volume should be relatively smaller for the method of fabric-lined trench.