不同秸秆还田方式对土壤线虫群落特征的影响

通过不同方式的秸秆还田处理，研究其对农田土壤线虫数量、属的种类、群落结构及相关生态学指数的影响。田间试验分为A（小麦秸秆全部还田，玉米秸秆不还田）、B（玉米秸秆全部还田，小麦秸秆不还田）、C（小麦玉米秸秆全部还田）、D（施肥但秸秆不还田）、E（小麦秸秆50%还田，玉米秸秆不还田）、F（玉米秸秆50%还田，小麦秸秆不还田）、G（秸秆不还田也不施肥）共7个处理。结果表明：秸秆还田增加了总氮、总磷和有机质含量；在7个处理中共鉴定出36属线虫，其中食细菌类线虫15属，食真菌类线虫5属，植物寄生类线虫9属，杂食-捕食类线虫7属。与G组相比，秸秆还田增加了线虫总量和食真菌类线虫、捕食杂食类线虫种类，提高了线虫的多样性指数、丰富度指数和瓦斯乐斯卡指数，其中以小麦秸秆50%还田的E组指数值最高。研究表明，秸秆还田有助于土壤养分的积累，可增加土壤线虫的数量和多样性，提高土壤的抗干扰能力。

Effects of different straw returning methods on soil nematode community characteristics

This study examined the effects of straw return-to-field treatment in different modes on the number, genera, and community structure of soil nematodes and the related ecological index. Field experiments were divided into seven groups, as follows:A(wheat straw fully returned to field + corn straw not returned to field), B(corn straw fully returned to field + wheat straw not returned to field), C(wheat straw fully returned to field + straw cones fully returned to field), D(fertilization + wheat and corn straw not returned to field), E(50% wheat straw returned to field + corn straw not returned to field), F(50% corn straw returned to field + wheat straw not returned to field), and G(non-fertilization + wheat and corn straw not returned to field). The results showed that the amount of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter increased in the straw return-to-field groups; a total of 36 genera of nematodes were identified in 7 groups including 15 genera of bacterial-feeding nematodes, 5 genera of fungal-feeding nematodes, 9 genera of plant parasitic nematodes, and 7 genera of omnivorous nematodes. Furthermore, the total number and diversity, richness, and Wasilewska indices of nematodes - and the number of fungal-feeding and omnivorous species thereof-increased in the straw return-to-field groups compared with the group G; this was particularly true in group E, which had the highest index values. The study indicates that straw return-to-field techniques contribute to the accumulation of soil nutrients, increases the number and diversity of soil nematodes, and improves the anti-interference ability of soil.