平衡施肥对海南早稻经济性状和产量的影响

采用"3414"完全随机区组设计,开展早稻田间肥效试验,研究施肥对早稻经济性状及产量的影响。结果表明,氮是影响早稻分蘖数的关键因素,钾是影响早稻有效穗率、株高、有效穗长、每穗粒数、结实率、着粒密度的关键因素。施肥对早稻具有极显著的增产效应,氮肥的增产效果最好,最高增产18.00%,纯增收入1 278.4元/hm~2;磷肥最高增产10.40%,纯增收入732.8元/hm~2;钾肥最高纯增收入455.1元/hm~2,增产11.30%。通过配置肥料效应模型,结合试验实际情况,确定早稻氮、磷、钾最佳配比为N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=0.30∶1.00∶0.73。

Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Yield and Economic Characters of Early-Season Rice

Field trials of fertilizer to early-season rice were carried out by using the "3414" completely random block design to observe early-season rice economic characters and yield. The results showed that N fertilization was a key impact factor of early-season rice tiller number,and P fertilization was a key factor of the rate of early rice and effective ear,plant height, ef-fective ear length,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,grain density. The fertilization significantly increased the yeild of early-season rice,the effect of N fertilization on yield and economic was the largest, compared with control,the highest yield-increase rate was 18.00% with the net income increased by 1278.4 CNY per hectare, the highest yield-increase rate of P was 10.40% with the net income increased by 732.8 CNY per hectare, while the highest net income of K increased by 455.1 CNY per hectare with the yield-increase rate was 11.30%. The optimal N,P,K ratio of early-season rice was 0.30:1.00:0.73 according to fertilizer effect with the actual situation testing.