河南省小麦生产发展与展望

河南是中国重要的小麦种植地区,小麦播种面积和总产量约占全国的1/4,因此河南的小麦生产和发展状况对全国的小麦生产与供求平衡都有非常重要的影响。笔者利用统计数据,结合生产实际对河南省1949年以来小麦生产发展状况进行分析表明:58年间小麦播种面积增加21.24%,总产量增加了8.8倍,单产提高了7.1倍。自1999年以来,河南省优质小麦面积和总产也不断增加,2006年优质小麦播种面积占到河南省小麦播种面积的41.75%,总产量占到河南省小麦总产的39.32%。近年来,随着高产小麦品种的选育和栽培技术的改进,河南省小麦高产、超高产面积不断增加,但是河南省小麦单产平均水平还不到6000kg/hm2,不同区域之间小麦单产水平差别较大,品种潜力没有充分发挥,生产资料投入较高,资源利用效率较低。作者认为今后应该要大力推广高产、超高产栽培技术,充分发挥品种的生物学潜力,提高养分利用效率,加强优质小麦的研究与管理,加强科学技术的推广应用,提高小麦的综合生产能力。

Development and Prospect of Wheat Production in Henan Province

Henan Province is the main wheat planting area in China,which accounted for 1/4 of area and output,therefore wheat production and development in Henan province affected the whole country seriously.This paper discussed the wheat development of Henan province since 1949 using statistical data in combine with practice,the results showed that during the 58 years,the wheat planting area increased by 21.24%,the total output increased by 8.8 times,the yield increased by 7.1 times.Since 1999,the area and output of high-quality wheat was increasing,and it hold 41.75% of total wheat area and 39.32% of wheat total yield in Henna province.In recent years,the wheat area of high yield and super high yield were increasing with the application of high productive varieties and improvement of cultural practice,however the average yield of Henan province was less than 6000 kg/hm2,the yield existed big difference between various area,the biological potential was not realized,the productive investment was high,and the resources efficiency was low.According to those problems,the author suggested that the high productive practice should be popularized,the potential of wheat varieties should be realized,the nutrient efficiency should be improved,the research and management of high-quality wheat should be strengthened,the spreading and application of technology should be improved,increasing the wheat integration productivity.